High Court of Malawi Civil Division

541 judgments
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Results. 541 judgments found.

541 judgments
October 2007
Court refused to strike out committal summons, holding committal and property execution can be pursued concurrently.
  • Civil procedure — service of summons — Registrar’s signature — Courts Act s3(1)(a); Enforcement of judgment — committal to prison — consent order — simultaneous enforcement remedies; Jurisdiction — abuse of process — striking out; Assessment of means — JDS; Constitutional challenge — section 19(3).
15 October 2007
July 2003
Mandatory section 254 breaches vitiate convictions; sentencing of first offenders requires recorded reasons under section 340.
  • Criminal procedure — Section 254 CP&EC (case to answer) mandatory — failure to find prima facie case vitiates conviction; Sentencing — section 340 CP&EC requires recorded reasons before custodial sentence for first offenders; Review/confirmation — High Court may quash convictions, order retrial, enhance or reduce sentences; Judgment requirements — courts must state points for determination, reasons, and assessment of evidence; Statutory maxima — sentences exceeding prescribed limits are unlawful.
24 July 2003
February 2000
10 February 2000
January 2000
Defendant liable for false imprisonment where its agents arrested and handed plaintiff to police; defamation and business-loss claims unproven.
  • Tort — False imprisonment — liability where employer's agents effect arrest and hand over suspect to police; mere reporting differs from making a charge
  • Defamation — requires publication to third parties and proof of reputational harm
  • Damages — defendant liable only for period attributable to its actions; police delay reduces defendant's exposure
  • Evidence — credibility and presence of witness critical; hearsay unacceptable to rebut direct evidence
31 January 2000
June 1999
Plaintiff proved negligence where a learner driver overtook unsafely; vehicle damages awarded but unproven towing costs denied.
  • Motor vehicle negligence — overtaking a stopped minibus — learner driver driving without competent supervision or 'L' plates — burden of proof on plaintiff — special damages must be pleaded and proved.
1 June 1999
November 1998
Dispute whether departure was retirement or resignation and entitlement to severance calculated under Ministry of Labour formula.
  • Employment law — termination by retirement v resignation — terminal benefits and severance pay — absence of written conditions of service — application of Ministry of Labour severance formula — year-end bonus not part of terminal benefits.
6 November 1998
March 1998
Defendant's application to set aside judgment granted; no undue delay and parties to bear their own costs.
  • Civil procedure — setting aside judgment — default judgment review — undue delay and prejudice — merits to prevail over procedural technicalities — costs each party to bear.
18 March 1998
October 1997
Employer liable for false imprisonment and defamation where police arrested and paraded employees at employer's request without charge.
  • Employment law — False imprisonment — Employer‑initiated arrest — Police acting as agents of employer; Defamation — Parading employees in handcuffs/public exposure — Publication and damages.
24 October 1997
Plaintiff recovers hire charges where vehicle owner performed hire in breach of mandatory insurance, but plaintiff lacked knowledge.
  • Road Traffic Act, s.59 — mandatory third-party insurance — illegality of contract performance — ex turpi causa non oritur actio — knowledge and participation required to bar recovery for breach.
16 October 1997
September 1997
Default judgment set aside where detention was unlawfully prolonged and Limitation Act, not post‑Constitution tribunal, governed pre‑commencement claims.
  • Civil procedure — setting aside judgment in default — triable issues — wrongful detention — Preservation of Public Security Act — Limitation Act s.4(1), s.22(4) — Constitution Chapter XIII — National Compensation Tribunal — jurisdiction for pre‑commencement actions.
16 September 1997
A consent order binds only the consenting parties; rescission requires a fresh action or appeal, not a Registrar’s interlocutory setting-aside.
  • Civil procedure — Consent orders — Nature of consent judgment as contractual agreement between parties — Privity of contract; cannot bind third parties — Rescission of consent orders requires fresh action or appeal — Registrar lacked jurisdiction to set aside consent order — Disputes over sheriff’s fees to be resolved by Master/taxation.
15 September 1997
August 1997
Lease required written notice before interest rate increases; interest must be calculated at pleaded 38½% and plaintiff awarded K15,000 (detinue) and K5,000 (trespass).
  • Contract/Lease — Variation of interest rate — Written notice required by agreement before increasing rate; Pleadings — interest specifically pleaded must be calculated not merely assessed; Detinue — continuing cause of action — damages for detention recoverable where chattel returned; Trespass — award of compensatory damages.
19 August 1997
Plaintiff awarded K75,000 for 36 days' false imprisonment; punitive damages denied for lack of evidence.
  • False imprisonment — compensatory damages for 36 days' detention — quantum assessed in light of prior awards and currency devaluation — no punitive/aggravated damages for lack of evidence — alternative pleading and absence of defence limited apportionment of liability.
14 August 1997
June 1997
The applicant awarded K4,630,000 for unconstitutional forfeiture and loss of property.
  • Forfeiture and restitution — unconstitutional forfeiture under Forfeiture Act — assessment of fair compensation for land used in business (value to owner and disturbance loss) — valuation of confiscated chattels and award of general damages.
30 June 1997
Driver’s failure to keep proper lookout when turning caused collision; plaintiff awarded K50,000, loss-of-earnings claim dismissed.
  • Road traffic accident — Negligence — Duty to keep proper lookout when turning right — vicarious liability of employer — loss of earnings claim dismissed for lack of causal proof — general damages awarded K50,000.
25 June 1997
May 1997
Claim for unpaid transport services allowed; debts awarded with interest at ordinary savings rate from action commencement and costs.
  • Contract and debt recovery — proof of agreement and invoices; Interest on overdue commercial debts — discretionary award and appropriate rate (ordinary savings deposit rate); Foreign currency invoices — conversion into Malawi Kwacha on payment; Civil procedure — substituted service and proceeding in defendant's absence.
19 May 1997
Whether exemplary and compensatory damages are awardable for false imprisonment by a political party and how to quantify them.
  • False imprisonment; exemplary (punitive) damages; Rookes v Barnard categories; liquidated vs unliquidated claims; assessment and quantum of damages; political party liability.
8 May 1997
Newspaper publication lowered the plaintiffs’ reputations; each awarded K15,000 where no privilege and defendant defaulted.
  • Defamation — newspaper publication — reputational harm — assessment of general damages (circulation, ability to clear character, defendant’s conduct) — confidentiality of source not a privilege to excuse defamatory publication.
6 May 1997
Court awarded differing general damages for two injured child passengers but declined future loss of earnings without supporting evidence.
  • Damages — Quantum of general damages for pain, suffering, loss of amenities and disfigurement — Assessment based on medical reports and visibility/severity of scars; Future loss of earnings — requirement of evidence of impairment to earning capacity; liability admitted.
6 May 1997
March 1997
Government’s forfeiture and conversion of plaintiff’s property entitled plaintiff to damages assessed at market value at judgment date.
  • Forfeiture Act — constitutional challenge; conversion of property by the State; limitation statute — when action not statute-barred; measure of damages for conversion — market value at date of judgment; rescission of forfeiture order but failure to return property.
10 March 1997
February 1997
Failure to comply with prescribed originating-summons forms and acknowledgement requirements bars restoration; application dismissed with costs.
  • Civil procedure — Originating summons — Failure to comply with Orders 7 and 28 of the Rules of the Supreme Court — Prescribed forms (Form No. 8, 10, 11) and acknowledgement of service required — Court will not restore defective pleadings — Application dismissed with costs.
6 February 1997
January 1997
Plaintiff owned the car; forfeiture against husband did not vest wife's separately owned vehicle in Government, judgment for conversion entered.
  • + Civil procedure — Judgment on admissions (Order 27 Rule 3) — admissions must be clear and unequivocal
  • +
  • Forfeiture Act — vesting of property — only vests property of person subject to forfeiture order in Administrator General
  • + Property law — Married Women’s Property Act — married woman may have separate property distinct from husband
  • + Conversion — sale of property seized under forfeiture where ownership belonged to non-subject person gives cause for damages
30 January 1997
Forfeiture order was unlawful and unconstitutional because the plaintiff was deprived of property without compensation or opportunity to be heard.
  • Forfeiture law — Ministerial power to forfeit property — Procedural fairness and right to compensation — UN Universal Declaration and constitutional protections — Legal disability under forfeiture and effect on limitation.
22 January 1997
Whether the respondent electricity supplier negligently reconnected power, causing fire and compensable loss.
  • Tort — Negligence — Duty of care and proximity — Electricity supplier’s liability for fires from arcing and short‑circuiting; res ipsa loquitur applicable where defendant had sole control and offered no adequate explanation
  • Evidence — Lay eyewitness testimony on sparks/arcing admissible and can be preferred to a weak technical witness
  • Damages — Recovery for property destruction, house replacement and lost rentals; interest on damages not recoverable under Malawi law
16 January 1997
Conditional surrender invalidated sale; sale without consent amounted to conversion, netting a small judgment after set-off.
  • Civil law — Conversion of chattels — Repossession versus sale — conditional surrender — set-off of employer’s counterclaim for unpaid advances, insurance and notice pay — assessment of damages and loss of use.
8 January 1997
Political party liable for on-site assault and short-term detention; State vicariously liable for prolonged police custody and malicious prosecution.
  • Tort — False imprisonment; Assault and battery; Malicious prosecution; Vicarious liability of State for police conduct; Liability of political party for acts of office-bearers; Apportionment of liability between independent tortfeasors; Pleading requirements for special damages.
8 January 1997
December 1996
Whether damages for conversion are assessed at conversion date or judgment date when defendant unlawfully detains goods.
  • Torts — Conversion: accrual at date of conversion; measure of damages generally value at conversion; value at judgment recoverable where defendant's continued detention causes loss; award of general damages for detention.
17 December 1996
November 1996
Plaintiff awarded aggravated damages for widely broadcast defamatory imputation of unchastity by political actors; defendants found malicious and liable.
  • Defamation — imputation of unchastity — publication by live and rebroadcast via national broadcaster — party responsibility for broadcasts — aggravated/exemplary damages where defendants act with malice, fail to apologise and control publication — failure to give defence evidence — assessment of damages.
29 November 1996
Compound interest at the bank/minimum lending rate plus 1% awarded on a commercial debt from 1 November 1994 until payment.
  • Interest — Commercial debt — Compound interest awarded — Rate: bank/minimum lending rate plus 1% — Interest from 1 November 1994 until payment — Costs awarded.
28 November 1996
Plaintiff entitled to possession via Administrator General allocation; defendants lacked title or adverse possession.
  • Land — Possession proceedings under Order 11 RSC; originating summons against trespassers; title via Administrator General allocation; adverse possession requirements; hearsay inadmissible; municipal licences do not convey title.
5 November 1996
October 1996
Defendant vicariously liable for driver’s negligence in striking cyclist; damages awarded for personal injury.
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23 October 1996
September 1996
Belated application to set aside default judgment denied where no acceptable explanation for delay beyond Order 35 Rule 2.
  • Civil procedure — setting aside default judgment — Order 35 Rule 2 (seven-day time limit) — extension of time — need for acceptable explanation for delay — discretion not exercised where delay unexplained.
26 September 1996
Whether "basic pay" in the Wages Order means hourly pay and overtime is payable at one-and-a-half times the hourly rate.
  • Wages Order interpretation — "basic pay" construed as hourly rate; overtime payable at 1.5 times hourly rate; interest on wage arrears only where claim is a debt; costs each party to bear.
11 September 1996
August 1996
An unverified creditor letter to an employer was defamatory; qualified privilege failed due to lack of corresponding interest and malice.
  • Defamation — publication to employer; vicarious liability for agent's publication; qualified privilege — absence of corresponding interest; malice defeats privilege; apology as mitigation; compensatory damages awarded.
27 August 1996
The plaintiff shot and beaten by police was awarded K60,000 for pain, suffering and loss of amenities.
  • Assessment of damages — police shooting and beating — pain and suffering; loss of amenities; default judgment; comparative awards to fix quantum.
16 August 1996
Plaintiff succeeded on a claim of false imprisonment and degrading treatment; a related-file settlement did not bar relief.
  • False imprisonment — unlawful post-release detention — degrading treatment and intrusive searches — detainee access to International Committee of the Red Cross — related-file settlement not dispositive.
15 August 1996
July 1996
Originating summons inappropriate because substantial factual disputes about the applicant's interdiction and alleged defamation require proceedings by writ.
  • Public Service interdiction — Section 27(1)(a) Public Service Act — Originating summons v writ (Order 5 rule 4) — Substantial disputes of fact — Alleged defamation and damages — Procedural requirement for trial where affidavits insufficient.
19 July 1996
Reinstated employees entitled to commuted leave pay as "salary" under consent order; non-contractual allowances not payable.
  • Employment law — reinstatement and assessment of back-pay — interpretation of consent order — commutation of leave pay as contractual "salary" — non-contractual allowances not recoverable — deduction limited to terminal benefits/ex-gratia/gratuity and specified sums — burden on employer to prove failure to mitigate.
19 July 1996
18 July 1996
June 1996
Applicant awarded K4,000 for false imprisonment; court limited relief to pleaded claims and refused loss-of-employment damages.
  • False imprisonment — exemplary damages — damages limited to pleaded causes — prolonged detention without court appearance — denial of medical treatment in custody — assessment of quantum.
28 June 1996
Seller fulfilled delivery under a lump-sum sale; a signed invoice bound the purchaser, awarding judgment and interest to the plaintiff.
  • Contract of sale — sale of selected stock for lump-sum price — signed invoice binding purchaser — unsigned internal records (IGRS/L.P.O.) inadmissible as proof of delivery — delivery obligation satisfied — interest for delayed payment.
7 June 1996
May 1996
Unlawful 18-month detention and unhygienic prison conditions entitled the applicant to K180,000 damages and costs.
  • False imprisonment — detention without explanation — overcrowded and unsanitary prison conditions — aggravation of damages — hearsay insufficiency for special damages — failure to comply with disclosure — general traverse inadequate.
28 May 1996
Assessment of damages for death by defendant's agent: conventional solatium, dependency, vehicle loss and loss-of-use awards.
  • Negligence — assessment of damages for wrongful death — conventional award for loss of expectation of life — calculation of loss of dependency (wages, allowances, retirement prospects) — special damages for destroyed motor vehicle and loss of use — apportionment among dependants; exclusion of adult children.
17 May 1996
April 1996
Summary judgment refused due to genuine disputes on interest, timing, contract divisibility and payment acceptance.
  • Civil procedure — summary judgment — genuine disputes of fact — agreement on interest on overdue payments — time of the essence — divisible contract — legal effect of counsel accepting payment and remitting bank draft; remedy against carrier for late arrival of goods.
23 April 1996
Contractor entitled to contractual interest; bank charges not recoverable and payment into local account limited remedies.
  • Contract construction — entitlement to interest on overdue payments; recoverability of bank charges and deductions; payment into wrong account — effect on entitlement; applicability of arbitration clause.
3 April 1996
March 1996
Foreign medical expenses not pleaded are excluded; plaintiff awarded K138,000 for injuries and lost earnings.
  • Personal injury — Assault and battery by police — Damages — Distinction between general and special damages — Need for pleading and proof of foreign medical treatment expenses — Loss of earnings where income particulars absent.
25 March 1996
The respondent employer was liable for the applicant’s injuries caused by a faulty concrete mixer; damages to be assessed.
  • Employer’s duty to provide and maintain safe plant and equipment — negligence for permitting use of defective concrete mixer — credibility and weight of witness testimony — contributory negligence assessed in employment context — damages to be assessed by Registrar.
22 March 1996
Whether the plaintiff was entitled to salary arrears and three months' notice pay after suspension and unilateral termination.
  • Employment law — suspension — entitlement to salary during suspension — unilateral termination/abolition of employment — salary in lieu of notice — assessment on uncontested evidence and employer's computation.
20 March 1996
Applicant interdicted without pay awarded lump‑sum back pay to trial date and costs.
  • Employment law — interdiction (suspension without pay) — entitlement to back pay — assessment of damages as lump sum at date of trial — default judgment and assessment proceedings.
13 March 1996
February 1996
Court allowed hearing in counsel's absence and refused late affidavits, directing defendant's counsel to address plaintiff's counsel and inspect the record.
  • Civil procedure — summary judgment on admissions — proceeding in absence of counsel under Order 32 — late affidavits and adducing new evidence — duty of counsel and case management to prevent delay.
22 February 1996