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Unsworn child testimony needs independent corroboration; medical and adult evidence can validate a defilement conviction.
Criminal law – Defilement – Elements: penetration, victim under 13, accused’s knowledge; Unsworn child testimony requires independent corroboration; Two minors’ unsworn statements cannot corroborate each other; Corroboration may be provided by adult eyewitnesses and medical evidence; Circumstantial evidence must exclude reasonable hypotheses of innocence.
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