High Court of Malawi - 1993

49 judgments
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Results. 49 judgments found.

49 judgments
December 1993
Representative action cannot be used for separate individual employment contracts; lumping genuine small claims into High Court is not per se abusive.
  • Civil procedure — Representative action — Not maintainable where claims arise from separate individual contracts lacking common interest; Abuse of process — Aggregation of genuine small claims in High Court not necessarily abuse; High Court original jurisdiction; Amendment rather than total strike-out.
30 December 1993
30 December 1993
Court struck out a sham defence as abuse of process and entered judgment for the plaintiff after crediting a partial payment.
  • Civil procedure — striking out defence — inherent jurisdiction to prevent abuse of process — sham or frivolous defence — entry of judgment after credit for part payment; Order 18.
28 December 1993
Plaintiff awarded K3,000 for pain and suffering from soft tissue leg injuries; no loss of earnings or amenities awarded.
  • Personal injury — Non-pecuniary damages for pain and suffering — Soft tissue injuries and cuts without fracture — No permanent incapacity or loss of earning capacity — No award for loss of amenities — Quantum: K3,000; costs on subordinate court scale.
21 December 1993
Award of general damages and loss of earning capacity to a labourer injured at work despite continuing in same employment.
  • Personal injury — Workplace accident — Amputation and partial disability — General damages for pain and suffering and loss of amenities — Loss of earning capacity despite continued employment — Substantial (non‑speculative) risk of future job loss — Quantification by reference to earnings and working life.
21 December 1993
7 December 1993
November 1993
Plaintiff may recover substitute vehicle hire costs incurred during repairs caused by the defendant’s negligence.
  • Negligence — consequential loss to chattels — recoverability of substitute hire costs — third‑party payments and obligations — credibility of hiring evidence.
29 November 1993
Summary judgment on dishonoured cheques denied where statement of claim failed to allege notice of dishonour.
  • Bills of exchange — dishonoured cheques — notice of dishonour required — defective statement of claim where notice not pleaded — Order 14 affidavit must verify pleaded claim — summary judgment dismissed — unconditional leave to defend.
19 November 1993
Seizure of a retiree's tools and withholding of pension without authority held unlawful; damages claim dismissed on procedural grounds.
  • Administrative law — Judicial review — Ultra vires seizure of tools of trade and withholding of pension — Government loan terms and repayment — Procedural non‑compliance for damages claims (Order 53 r.7) — Order 35 applied where respondents absent.
18 November 1993
A defendant’s prima facie defence based on rejection and redelivery of goods can justify setting aside a default judgment.
  • Civil procedure — setting aside default judgment; service and computation of time; statement of claim not required for liquidated claims where writ sufficiently states claim; contract — rejection and redelivery of goods, mitigation and measure of damages; prima facie defence warrants setting aside default judgment.
15 November 1993
Plaintiff awarded K2,800 for unpaid allowance, conversion of goods, and defamation following defendant's default.
  • Employment — unpaid professional/responsibility allowance; Conversion and trespass to goods — measure of damages (cost at time of conversion); Defamation — damages for injury to credit and reputation; Default judgment — assessment of damages in absence of defendant.
13 November 1993
A registrar may grant an ex parte stay of execution and impose instalment payment conditions under Order 47 r.1.
  • Civil procedure — Order 47 r.1 — Stay of execution — Application after instalment order — Registrar’s jurisdiction to grant ex parte stay and impose conditions — inability to pay.
12 November 1993
The respondent driver failed to yield at a give-way and was negligent; the applicant recovered damages and costs.
  • Road traffic — intersection governed by give-way signs — duty to yield and take proper lookout — credibility of independent witness — negligent pull-out causing collision — contributory negligence de minimis — damages for hire of replacement vehicles.
4 November 1993
An ex parte dismissal was set aside and the action restored where security for costs had been paid into court and the dismissal could be reconsidered under Order 32 r.6.
  • Civil procedure — Security for costs — Payment into court — No rule requiring notification to opposing party — Ex parte dismissal — Order 32 r.6: setting aside on proof of new facts or for justice — Restoration of action.
3 November 1993
October 1993
Whether an applicant's affidavit discloses factual grounds for a defence on the merits is decisive in setting aside a default judgment.
  • Civil procedure — Setting aside default judgment — Primary consideration is whether affidavit discloses a defence on the merits by raising facts from which a triable issue can be inferred; mere allegations (fraud, denial, payment, illegality) without factual particularity are insufficient; instalment orders do not necessarily amount to approbation; court may permit supplementary affidavit.
25 October 1993
Assessment and award of general damages for severe, permanently disabling injuries to a young student, including disfigurement and loss of earning capacity.
  • Damages — personal injury — assessment of general damages (pain and suffering, loss of amenities) — disfigurement — loss of earning capacity — medical evidence of permanent incapacity — young student; multiplier/multiplicand approach inappropriate.
19 October 1993
Whether the applicant-insurer can be sued directly by the plaintiff passenger under section 65(A) when policy excludes passengers.
  • Road Traffic Act s65(A) — direct action by third-party against insurer; sections 61 and 62 — policy requirements and passenger exclusion; privity of contract; insurer removed as party under Order 6 r.2.
19 October 1993
Insurer struck out where plaintiff failed to plead a Part 5 policy or statutory right of direct action under Section 65(A).
  • Road Traffic Act — definition of "road" includes railway line for Act purposes; "vehicle" vs "motor vehicle" distinction — pushing trolley may not be a "motor vehicle"; insurer liability — direct action against insurer requires a Part 5 policy or a statutory right under Section 65(A); procedural — striking out an erroneously joined defendant under Order 15 r.6(2).
14 October 1993
September 1993
Employer held liable for false imprisonment, malicious prosecution and defamation; counterclaim mostly dismissed for lack of primary evidence.
  • Employment law — False imprisonment and malicious prosecution — Employer's active role in reporting to police can give rise to liability; defamation — calling employee a thief actionable per se; evidence — secondary/photocopy ledger insufficient to prove debt.
17 September 1993
Conviction for theft by public servant quashed where prosecution evidence was inconsistent and failed to disprove accused's explanation.
  • Criminal law — Theft by public servant — Section 283(1) presumption — burden and standard of proof — sufficiency of prosecution evidence — hearsay and missing witnesses — reasonable doubt — quashing conviction.
14 September 1993
August 1993
Fixed-term lease expired; tenant in arrears; no unlawful subletting; landlord entitled to immediate possession and costs.
  • Landlord and tenant — fixed-term lease — automatic expiry on term end; no notice to quit required — non-payment of rent justified forfeiture of tenancy; covenant against subletting not breached where tenant retained possession; third-party claim does not permit tenant to withhold rent.
26 August 1993
Applicant lacked locus standi to set aside the respondent's default judgment; interpleader was the proper remedy for seized goods.
  • Locus standi; Order 13 Rule 9; setting aside default judgment; third‑party interest; wrongful seizure; interpleader; procedural requirements for intervention.
24 August 1993
Whether a resigned employee may remain in employer‑provided accommodation pending trial of possession proceedings.
  • Interim injunctions — American Cyanamid test — licence to occupy employer‑provided housing — resignation terminates licence — Registered Land Act inapplicable — balance of convenience; adequacy of damages.
6 August 1993
July 1993
Plaintiff wrongfully detained for 31 hours awarded K5,000 for indignity and mental suffering; defendant pays assessment costs.
  • False imprisonment — assessment of general damages for non‑pecuniary loss — duration of detention 31 hours — credibility of release time — award K5,000 — defendant to pay assessment costs.
28 July 1993
Default judgment set aside where the defendant’s affidavit disclosed arguable triable issues despite a labelled counterclaim.
  • Civil procedure — Default judgment — Application to set aside judgment — Evidence of arguable and triable defence in supporting affidavit — Counterclaim does not, by label alone, preclude relief — Leave to defend granted.
28 July 1993
27 July 1993
Employer liable for inadequate machine guarding; employee contributorily negligent and damages reduced by 25%.
  • Employer’s duty of care — inadequate guarding of machinery — foreseeability of harm — contributory negligence by employee — apportionment of liability — damages for amputation.
16 July 1993
Summary judgment granted where dishonoured cheques established indebtedness and defendant failed to raise a bona fide defence.
  • Civil procedure — Order 14 summary judgment — Cheques as prima facie cash/consideration — burden to raise bona fide defence — failure to produce agent’s affidavit construed as admission — certainty of claim.
8 July 1993
Summary judgment granted where defendant failed to raise a bona fide triable defence to a claim based on cheques issued by his agent.
  • Civil procedure — summary judgment (Order 14) — cheques treated as payment — agency and authority — insufficient affidavit to raise triable issue — certainty of claim.
8 July 1993
Summary judgment granted on dishonoured cheques; defendant failed to raise a bona fide triable defence or produce supporting affidavit.
  • Civil procedure — summary judgment (Order 14) — dishonoured cheques — bill of exchange treated as cash/consideration — burden on defendant to raise bona fide triable defence — requirement for agent's affidavit to substantiate lack of authority or payments.
8 July 1993
Whether defendant breached contract by failing to deliver paid-for roofing sheets and plaintiff’s entitlement to damages.
  • Contract formation — acceptance by receipt of deposit; delivery obligation arises on final payment; burden on defendant to prove non-availability/frustration; trade custom and post-contract price variation; damages preferred to specific performance; special damages must be specifically proved.
2 July 1993
June 1993
Default judgment set aside where defendant raises a triable set-off defence despite presumption of service by post.
  • Civil procedure — judgment in default of notice of intention to defend — presumption of service where writ posted to correct letterbox — set-off as defence and counterclaim — applicability of Judicature Act 1873 — master and servant: deductions and set-off permissible absent statute or contract prohibiting same — triable issue justifies setting aside default judgment.
29 June 1993
May 1993
Failure to obtain statutory ministerial consent for a non-lowest tender renders the contract void and bars recovery by an innocent contractor.
  • 'Local Government (Urban Areas) Act' s.76(4) — mandatory ministerial consent before accepting non-lowest tender; Illegality of contract — void ab initio; Illegal contract bars remedies; Ignorance of statutory requirement not a defence; Costs to successful defendant.
27 May 1993
A radio-broadcast slander at a political rally was actionable; court awarded K300,000 and addressed exemplary damages.
  • Defamation—slander actionable per se; wide publication (radio/newspaper); assessment of damages taking into account reputation, absence of apology and political motive; exemplary/punitive damages—scope in Malawi and relation to Rookes v. Barnard
26 May 1993
Court dismissed plaintiff's application to continue unlawful use of residential plot pending relocation, for lack of interest and statutory non-compliance.
  • Town and Country Planning Act — zoning restrictions — use of residentially zoned land for commercial activities — declaratory relief — locus standi — temporary conditional permission — requirement to exhaust statutory appeal procedures — equitable clean hands.
25 May 1993
Long unlawful detention by state actors justified a large compensatory award with an exemplary element; trespass award modest.
  • Civil damages — false imprisonment — prolonged unlawful detention — aggravated and exemplary damages — quantum assessed at large; application and scope of Rookes v. Barnard in Malawi; trespass to land and goods; state liability for oppressive action
19 May 1993
Summary judgment refused where disputed authenticity of minutes, directors' remuneration authority and alleged tax-evasion entries required a full trial.
  • Civil procedure — Summary judgment (Order 14 r.3(1)) — refusal where serious disputes of fact or intent exist; Company law — directors' remuneration and corporate approvals; Evidence — authenticity of minutes and accounting entries; Allegations of tax-avoidance entries; Counterclaim as defence.
18 May 1993
April 1993
Damages for vehicle repair, hire and tow awarded but reduced for lack of supporting evidence; insurer payment deducted.
  • Motor vehicle collision — assessment of damages — burden on plaintiff to prove pre-accident condition and reasonableness of repairs — insufficiency of unsigned estimate and absence of police report — mitigation of hire costs — deduction of insurer’s prior payment.
20 April 1993
Whether the respondent raised triable issues to resist summary judgment, notably a disputed invoice for alleged poor workmanship.
  • Civil procedure — Order 14 summary judgment; triable issue requirement; set‑off and payment offers; disputed quotation arithmetic; allegation of poor workmanship on repair invoice; conditional leave to defend subject to payment into court; directions for discovery and inspection.
13 April 1993
Administrators must account and fairly distribute intestate estate; pension death benefits paid to nominated beneficiaries are not estate assets.
  • Intestate succession — administrators’ duty to account and promptly distribute — pension/death benefits designated to nominees not part of intestate estate — fair distribution under Wills and Inheritance Act — prior payments treated as advances.
8 April 1993
Whether an insurer can be struck off when passenger cover is non-compulsory depends on the insurance policy’s terms.
  • Road Traffic Act — compulsory third-party insurance — passenger cover — non-compulsory vs prohibited cover; Contractual terms of policy determinative; Strike-out application requires production of policy; Direct action against insurer under statutory provision.
5 April 1993
March 1993
Registrar lacks jurisdiction to transfer proceedings under statute; such applications must be decided by a judge.
  • Civil procedure — Jurisdiction of Registrar — Transfer of proceedings to subordinate court — Interpretation of "the Court" in statute — Order 107 (UK practice) not a source of Registrar powers — Sections 11 and 29 Courts Act — Remittal to Judge under Order 32 Rule 12.
24 March 1993
Defendant negligent for turning into plaintiffs' path; contributory negligence inadmissible without pleading; damages awarded to plaintiffs.
  • Road traffic negligence — duty of care when turning into side road — right of way of main-road users — credibility and speed assessment — contributory negligence must be pleaded — recoverability of employer-paid non-contributory medical expenses — assessment of special and general damages.
19 March 1993
Suspension without pay requires express contractual authority; employer cannot recover lost stock where its own failings contributed to the loss.
  • Employment law — suspension without pay — requires express contractual or disciplinary provision; wrongful dismissal claim — wages during unlawful suspension; employee negligence — employer’s contributory fault and absence of implied indemnity bar recovery by employer.
11 March 1993
Whether the defendant bank could lawfully set off a guaranteed debt against the plaintiff's deposited funds, defeating conversion claim.
  • Banking law — conversion claim against a bank — set-off — collateral guarantee/undertaking — enforceability of a written guarantee as collateral contract — right of bank to refuse payment when entitled to set-off.
5 March 1993
An occupier in possession may obtain a perpetual injunction and nominal damages for trespass despite not being the registered owner.
  • Civil procedure — Order 19, Rule 7(9) — default judgment on pleadings; Property — trespass — right to sue lies with person in possession, not only owner; Remedies — perpetual injunction and nominal damages (K25) awarded for trespass without proved actual loss.
5 March 1993
January 1993
Plaintiff failed to take reasonable care crossing the road; driver not negligent and claim dismissed with costs.
  • Road traffic — negligence; duty of care of driver and pedestrian; credibility of witnesses; zebra crossing and signage; collision on carriageway; claim dismissed.
20 January 1993
Seizure of plaintiffs' goods by employer's agents to recoup an employee's shortage amounted to conversion; trespass claim failed for lack of possession.
  • Conversion — seizure of chattels by employer/agent to recoup employee’s shortage constitutes conversion; Trespass to goods — requires actual possession; voluntary surrender by employee or asserted lien not a defence to conversion; damages for loss of use and value assessment by Registrar.
19 January 1993
Application to dissolve interlocutory injunction dismissed; injunction continued due to plaintiff’s lease evidence and defendant’s contempt.
  • Civil procedure — interlocutory injunction — discharge application under O.29 r.17; Clean hands doctrine; Balance of convenience; Contempt for breach of injunction; Documentary lease evidence.
15 January 1993