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5,386 judgments
February 2025
Failure to serve the mandatory pre‑suit notice and the time‑barred nature of the dispute rendered the applicants’ claim and motion a nullity.
  • Civil procedure — pre‑suit notice mandatory under Civil Procedure (Suits By and Against Government) Act s4 — non‑compliance renders action a nullity; administrative law — challenges to Ministerial implementation of statutory pension scheme are matters for judicial review; limitation — three‑month rule for judicial review; declaratory relief cannot circumvent pre‑suit notice requirement.
3 February 2025
Exit agreement signed under economic duress: dismissal unfair; applicant entitled to compensation and remedy hearing.
  • Employment law — Unfair dismissal — Mutual release/exit agreement vitiated by economic duress; procedural fairness in disciplinary process; employer’s burden to prove valid reason for dismissal; compensation remedy.
3 February 2025
Dismissals for operational requirements without consultation were unfair; applicants entitled to compensation.
  • Employment law — unfair dismissal — operational requirements/retrenchment — statutory consultation requirement — justice and equity (s.61 Employment Act) — funding contingency clause — contractual notice period — compensation assessment.
3 February 2025
Court allowed joinder, required clearer particulars, limited retrospective use of PFMA 2022, and conditioned reinstatement after discharge.
  • Criminal procedure — joinder of accused; Statement of offence — particulars and duplicity; Money laundering — predicate offence to be specified; Retrospective application of statutes — PFMA 2022 vs PFMA 2003; Reinstatement after discharge — requirement for State justification; Financial Crimes Act s41 — applies to persons including public officials; Disclosure obligations — generally pre‑plea.
3 February 2025
January 2025
Ex parte permission for judicial review discharged for abuse of process and suppression of prior related proceedings.
  • Administrative law — Judicial review — Ex parte permission — Duty of frank and full disclosure — Suppression of prior related proceedings — Abuse of court process via multiplicity of actions — Discharge of permission and interlocutory injunction — Discretionary extension of time (functus officio).
31 January 2025
The Ombudsman lacked jurisdiction to investigate an anonymous complaint; resulting employment nullifications were set aside and benefits ordered.
  • Ombudsman jurisdiction — section 123(1) Constitution — anonymous complaints — requirement that a person who has suffered injustice lay complaint; judicial review of Ombudsman determinations; nullity of unlawful directives; compliance by public authority; reinstatement and terminal benefits; costs each party.
31 January 2025
Claim dismissed with costs for failure to comply with trial directions and an incompetent adjournment request.
  • Adjournment applications — competence and supporting evidence; failure to comply with trial directions; failure to prosecute; court’s discretion to grant adjournments; dismissal with costs.
29 January 2025
27 January 2025
Leave to appeal and a stay were dismissed as premature and procedurally incompetent because the High Court judgment remained inchoate.
  • Civil procedure — inchoate judgment — premature leave to appeal — inchoate judgments not appealable; stay of execution — must first apply to High Court where concurrent jurisdiction exists; SCA jurisdiction invoked after refusal by High Court; procedural competency of applications.
22 January 2025
High Court reviewed and set aside subordinate custody order, awarding primary custody to the breastfeeding mother and ordering medical and social assessments.
  • Family law — Custody — Best interests of the child — Infant breastfeeding as paramount consideration — High Court supervisory review under Section 26 Courts Act — Quashing subordinate court custody order — Orders for medical and social welfare assessments.
22 January 2025
Undocumented redundancy and lack of consultation rendered the dismissal substantively and procedurally unfair; compensation ordered.
  • Employment Law
    • — Redundancy and Unfair Dismissal — Substantive and Procedural Fairness — Employer bears burden to justify dismissal (Employment Act ss 57, 62)
    • — Remedies — Compensation, Severance and Accrued Leave — Quantum to be assessed at separate hearing (Employment Act ss 35, 39)
22 January 2025
Registrar rejects application for review due to improper signature, procedural non-compliance, and wrong forum for admissions.
  • Civil procedure — rejection of documents; signature by named legal practitioner required; notice of change of legal practitioner (Order 33); sworn statement formalities (Order 18); jurisdiction for admissions — Chief Justice; abuse of court process; Rules Orders 5, 18, 25.
22 January 2025
A prolonged unpaid suspension without disciplinary process amounted to constructive dismissal and an unfair labour practice.
  • Employment Law
    • — Constructive Dismissal — Prolonged unpaid suspension and failure to hold disciplinary proceedings
    • — Unfair Labour Practices — Withholding wages during suspension
  • Administrative Law — Procedural Fairness — Employer cannot indefinitely defer internal disciplinary action to criminal proceedings
13 January 2025
12 January 2025
Failure to call accusers and authenticate evidence rendered the dismissal procedurally and substantively unfair.
  • Employment Law
    • — Disciplinary Dismissal — Procedural fairness and right to cross‑examination of accusers
    • — Evidence — Reliance on unauthenticated audio recordings and call logs in disciplinary proceedings
    • — Remedies — Compensation, notice pay and severance for unfair dismissal and unfair labour practices
7 January 2025
Summary dismissal for alleged theft was procedurally and substantively unfair due to withheld evidence and insufficient corroboration.
  • Labour Law — Dismissal — Procedural and substantive fairness — Disclosure of evidence and impartiality of disciplinary proceedings
6 January 2025
Dismissal procedurally and substantively unfair due to biased hearing, lack of evidence of gross misconduct, and selective treatment.
  • Employment Law
    • — Dismissal
      • — Procedural fairness — Right to call witnesses; Panel impartiality; Transparency
      • — Substantive fairness — Requirement to prove gross misconduct and proportionality of sanction
    • — Labour practices — Unfair treatment — Selective enforcement of overtime policy and retaliatory conduct
6 January 2025
December 2024
Whether a stay pending appeal should be granted where employer alleges appeal merits but cites financial incapacity.
  • Labour law — stay of execution pending appeal — criteria for granting stay (prima facie merits, nugatory appeal, prejudice) — unfair dismissal — retrenchment — consultation — ultra vires ministerial action — financial incapacity not determinative.
23 December 2024
18 December 2024
A defendant who refers a constitutional challenge becomes the claimant; the Attorney General remains a neutral constitutional advisor.
  • Constitutional law
    • — Constitutional referrals — Whether Attorney General should be claimant where lower court certifies referral — Role of AG as neutral custodian of the Constitution
    • — Burden of proof — Presumption of constitutionality and onus on party challenging legislation
  • Civil procedure — Order 19 CPR — Commencement and citation of constitutional proceedings — Party who moves the court should be claimant
17 December 2024
Applicant unfairly dismissed; court awarded MK45,008,542.95 for withheld pay, unfair dismissal, unfair labour practices, severance, gratuity and pension loss.
  • Employment Law
    • — Unfair Dismissal — Whether dismissal without written reasons or hearing was unfair and effect on length of service
    • — Unfair Labour Practices — Failure to facilitate transfer (transport) and discriminatory treatment — Damages for non-pecuniary and pecuniary loss
17 December 2024
Unexplained division of matrimonial property set aside and remitted for rehearing due to lack of reasons and analysis.
  • Matrimonial property distribution — duty to give reasons — assessment of contributions and parties' intentions — improper delegation to Registrar — remittal for rehearing.
17 December 2024
Section 96(1) does not make lodging a complaint and cyber‑inspector assessment a mandatory precondition to prosecuting offences under the Act.
  • Electronic Transactions and Cyber Security Act — Section 96(1) — "may" versus "shall" — permissive complaint procedure — role and powers of cyber inspector — whether complaint/assessment is mandatory precondition to prosecution — effect of non‑compliance on validity of charges.
17 December 2024
Fixed‑term contract expired lawfully; administrative delay in promotion notification did not amount to unfair dismissal or unfair labour practices.
  • Labour Law
    • — Termination — Fixed‑term contract expiry by effluxion of time — Section 28(2) Employment Act
    • — Procedural Fairness — Notice of non‑renewal — Verbal communication followed by written confirmation
    • — Unfair Labour Practices — Promotion notification and payroll deletion — Administrative delay without bad faith
10 December 2024
Whether recognising foreign law degrees with lower entry standards violates constitutional equality and education standards; referral to the Chief Justice.
  • Constitutional law — education standards — recognition of foreign qualifications — discrimination and equality (Sections 25, 13, 20) — NCHE and CLE powers — constitutional interpretation by registrars — Section 9(2) Courts Act referral to a panel of judges.
6 December 2024
Claim for 100% top‑ups denied; applicants entitled to proportionate adjustments, devaluation, interest and nominal damages.
  • Labour Law — Remuneration — Campus top‑up allowances and alleged unequal pay for work of equal value — Workload‑based differentiation justified by policy and pre‑merger terms
  • Employment Law — Equal Remuneration — Proof required to show comparable workload and entitlement to identical top‑ups — Employment Act s6; Constitution s31
3 December 2024
Court granted a conditional stay pending appeal but required the respondent to pay 50% of each decretal award immediately.
  • Industrial/Employment law — stay of execution pending appeal — onus on party seeking suspension — necessity for cogent evidence of impecuniosity or risk of appeal being rendered nugatory — balancing justice between parties — conditional stay by requiring substantial interim payments.
3 December 2024
Dismissal was procedurally and substantively unfair; employer must pay unpaid pension contributions and cannot enforce alleged loan.
  • Employment Law
    • — Unfair Dismissal — Procedural and Substantive Fairness — Employment Act ss 57(1)–(2), 62(1)
    • — Pension Contributions — Employer’s Duty to Remit — Pension Act ss 9, 12
    • — Employer Counterclaim — Proof of Loan and Offsetting Awards — Necessity of Written Agreement and Recovery Evidence
3 December 2024
November 2024
Leave to appeal denied to avoid piecemeal, inchoate appeals and to expedite resolution of child custody and relocation issues.
  • Appeal — leave to appeal — requirement under s.21 Supreme Court of Appeal Act; Inchoate appeals — prohibition on piecemeal appeals; Case management — expediency in child custody disputes; Jurisdiction — relocation application to Chief Resident Magistrate (Centre); Costs — each party to bear own costs.
29 November 2024
Appeal dismissed for inordinate delay and failure to prosecute; missing-file excuse was unsubstantiated hearsay.
  • Civil procedure — dismissal for want of prosecution — Order III r.9 (record of appeal) — Practice Direction No 1 of 2010 (skeleton arguments) — missing court file allegation — hearsay — failure to prosecute — costs.
29 November 2024
Assistant Registrar recused from processing an admission petition after finding the petitioner’s grades may not meet constitutional and regulatory minimum education standards.
  • Legal education — admission to practice — assessment and recognition of foreign law degrees — requirement that private and foreign qualifications meet standards not inferior to public universities — constitutional s.25(3)(b) and regulatory minimum standards — recusal where court officer forms prejudicial views.
26 November 2024
Whether a High Court may lift a stay after arbitration termination and grant leave to appeal with a stay pending appeal.
  • Arbitration law — lifting stay of proceedings after arbitration termination — leave to appeal against interlocutory Ruling — stay pending appeal; procedural compliance with leave-to-appeal rules; commercial efficacy and overriding objective.
26 November 2024
High Court set aside magistrate’s judgment for lack of jurisdiction and ordered respondents to repay sums obtained; costs ordered against respondents’ counsel.
  • Civil procedure — Jurisdiction of subordinate courts — Cause of action arising in another district — Proceedings and judgments without jurisdiction are null and void — High Court power to set aside subordinate court judgments — Third-party debt/attachment orders — Costs and remedies against counsel.
21 November 2024
Whether seized foreign currency should be forfeited where a businessperson hid funds and used a fake receipt, outweighing mitigating circumstances.
  • Exchange control — Regulation 36(1) discretionary forfeiture of foreign currency — judicial exercise of discretion — aggravating factors (large sum, concealment, forged receipt, business person) v. mitigating factors (first offender, plea, alleged hardship) — precedents: Kamanga; Zheng Yan; Henry Kopa; Ashraf Bdallal El Ali — requirement to hear accused in opposition to forfeiture.
20 November 2024
High Court set aside arbitrarily imposed fines for forestry offences, requiring means test and reducing custodial sentences.
  • Forestry offences — sentencing — fines and default imprisonment — mandatory means test — application of Fines (Conversions) Act — first offender principles — s340(1) Criminal Procedure and Evidence Code — supervisory confirmation review.
19 November 2024
Applicant’s dismissal declared substantively and procedurally unfair; employer breached fair labour practices.
  • Labour Law
    • — Dismissal — Substantive and procedural fairness
    • — Disciplinary procedure — Impartiality, notice and right to present evidence
  • Constitutional Law — Fair labour practices — Section 31 of the Constitution
15 November 2024
Dismissal procedurally and substantively unfair; unfair labour practice established, but wage discrimination not proven.
  • Labour Law
    • — Dismissal — Procedural and substantive fairness in disciplinary proceedings
    • — Unfair labour practice — Improper internal appeal procedure and non‑production of material evidence
    • — Remuneration — Alleged wage discrimination justified by performance‑based promotion
12 November 2024
The applicant awarded additional overtime after flat-rate allowance was absorbed by a minimum wage increase; leave claim denied.
  • Employment Law — Compensation for unfair dismissal and statutory entitlements — Effect of minimum wage revision on flat-rate overtime allowances
11 November 2024
6 November 2024
Court escalated the 1981 compensation for the applicant's compulsorily acquired land to MK20,000,000 and denied aggravated damages.
  • Land Acquisition Act (as in force at acquisition) — assessment of fair compensation — section 10 factors (consideration paid, improvements, appreciation) — valuation methodology and escalation of historic award — post-acquisition change of land use not to be used to increase historic compensation — aggravated/exemplary damages against State — requirements; loss-of-opportunity claim not entertained if unpleaded.
5 November 2024
Employer breached its redundancy policy and failed to meaningfully consult, rendering the dismissal unfair and attracting compensation.
  • Employment law — redundancy and retrenchment — s.57(1) Employment Act — duty to consult where employer’s terms/policy require it — relevance of ILO Termination of Employment Convention No.158 and Ministry of Labour guidelines — procedural fairness, meaningful consultation and use of proper evidence — unfair dismissal and compensation.
1 November 2024
October 2024
Summary judgment refused because disputed facts and legal issues exist on premises owner status and dog-handler negligence.
  • Civil procedure — Summary judgment — Order 12 CPR — Realistic vs fanciful prospects; Premises liability — vicarious/statutory owner under Control and Diseases of Animals Act; Negligence of dog handler — triable issue; Failure to plead/support failure-to-warn allegation; Judgment on admission — requirements for written admissions.
31 October 2024
30 October 2024
Court continued stay of execution pending appeal, dismissed disclosure application as otiose, and ordered parties to agree arrangements within 28 days.
  • Civil procedure — stay of execution pending appeal — discretion guided by interests of justice; disclosure/production of financial documents — otiose and irrelevant where stay already granted; interlocutory directions to agree arrangements.
30 October 2024
Registrar rejected duplicate originating proceedings as an abuse of process and improper filing at the wrong registry.
  • Registrar's power to reject documents — abuse of court process by duplicative filings (summons and judicial review) — improper forum/registry — Order 5 rules 10–13; Order 6 r9; Courts Act s3 and s6A(2).
27 October 2024
Incomplete investigations alone do not justify continued detention; bail granted where State fails to show likely interference or obstruction.
  • Criminal procedure — pre-trial detention — 48-hour rule — arrest should ordinarily follow investigations; incomplete investigations do not automatically justify continued detention; bail may be granted where State fails to show likelihood of interference with witnesses or obstruction of investigations.
27 October 2024
Whether requiring NRB-issued registration as proof for voter registration unlawfully restricts the applicant's right to vote.
  • Electoral law — Voter registration — Proof of eligibility — Section 12 Elections Act requiring NRB registration as proof — Franchise under section 77 Constitution — Interlocutory injunction — Separation of powers.
25 October 2024
Interpleader claim dismissed where claimant failed to follow Sheriff Act procedure and did not prove ownership of seized goods.
  • Interpleader relief; section 11(a)(iii) Courts Act; Order 29 CPR scope; section 20 Sheriff’s Act (Sheriff interpleader summons); burden to prove ownership of goods seized in execution.
25 October 2024
25 October 2024
Application to file supplementary skeleton arguments deferred to the full bench; copies to be supplied by deadline or dismissed.
  • Civil procedure — interlocutory application for leave to file supplementary skeleton arguments — judicial discretion — timing and service of filings — appropriateness of single-member determination where appeal listed before full bench — procedural directions and automatic dismissal for non-compliance.
24 October 2024