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5,385 judgments
September 2025
Application dismissed for being commenced in the wrong procedural form; election challenges require petition or Form 86A originations.
  • Election procedure — Mode of commencement — Petition under PPLGEA or judicial review by originating motion (Form 86A); CPR cannot add modes; procedural irregularity fatal.
10 September 2025
Failure of the Returning Officer to notify a nomination defect rendered the exclusion unlawful despite incorrect fee paid at presentation.
  • Election law — nomination fees — age qualification for youth candidates determined at time of presentation — Returning Officer’s duty to notify defects before close of nominations (s.39(2)–(3)) — failure to notify defeats internal remedies (s.99) — judicial review permissible where no communicated decision.
9 September 2025
Claimants failed to prove a binding 2022–23 seed buy‑back contract; claim dismissed and costs awarded to the defendant.
  • Contract formation — offer and acceptance — certainty of terms — burden of proof in civil cases — written contract alleged but not produced — registration/inspection not equivalent to contractual buy-back obligation.
2 September 2025
Chief Justice certifies the whole proceeding as constitutional; certification is a judicial, conclusive act not amenable to review or appeal.
  • Certification under s.9(2) Courts Act — Chief Justice certifies the whole original proceeding; Certification is judicial, conclusive and transforms the case into a constitutional matter; Party-commenced certification ordinarily commenced by summons under CPR Order 19 (service and response required); Alleged procedural irregularities in certification are to be addressed to the Chief Justice (Order 2 Rule 3(a)), not by judicial review or appeal.
2 September 2025
August 2025
Court refused challenge to Acting Director’s authority, stayed 24‑hour production requirement, and granted review permission on campaign speech vs ACB investigatory powers.
  • Administrative law — judicial review; Actings appointments — authority of Deputy Director to act as Director; Anti‑Corruption Bureau powers — s.10–11 Corrupt Practices Act; Electoral law — freedom of expression during campaign (constitutional s.35 and Elections Act s.53–55); Reasonableness of statutory document production timelines; Interim stay to protect campaign speech.
31 August 2025
Court abridged time and set an expedited timetable to hear a review of a candidate's exclusion under Section 42(2) before the election.
  • Electoral law — judicial review of electoral commission decision — exclusion of candidate — urgency — abridgement of time under civil procedure rules — operation of Section 42(2) of the Elections Act.
29 August 2025
Charge under s.138 proved but dismissed under s.337(1)(a) due to youth, consensual non-exploitative relationship, and extenuating circumstances.
  • Criminal law — Sexual intercourse with a child (s.138 Penal Code) — statutory defence (consent, age difference, offender a child) — discretionary dismissal without conviction (s.337(1)(a) Criminal Procedure & Evidence Code) — consensual, non-exploitative adolescent relationships — pregnancy not automatically aggravating.
28 August 2025
Claimant lacked a cognisable right and sufficient interest to seek judicial review of the appointment; application dismissed and costs awarded.
  • Judicial review — permission stage — Order 19 rule 20 requirements — must show a right, interest or legitimate expectation affected and sufficient locus standi; speculative future grievances non-justiciable; interlocutory injunction falls away where permission denied; costs follow the event.
20 August 2025
Whether statutory defence applies to consensual adolescent sex and dismissal under section 337(1)(a).
  • Criminal law — sexual offences: consensual adolescent sex and defilement (section 138 Penal Code) — statutory defence requires accused to be a child, consent and ≤2 years age gap — dismissal under section 337(1)(a) — proportionality and constitutional concerns regarding over-criminalisation of adolescent consensual sex.
18 August 2025
18 August 2025
18 August 2025
12 August 2025
Successive renewals converted an internship into employment; dismissal and wage deduction were unlawful under the Employment Act.
  • Employment Law
    • — Internship v Employment — Whether successive renewals convert a purported fixed‑term internship into an indefinite contract under s 28(3) Employment Act
    • — Unfair Dismissal — Procedural and substantive fairness required under ss 57, 59 and 61 of the Employment Act
    • — Wage Deductions — Lawful only by court order, genuine consent or following disciplinary process under s 52 of the Employment Act
11 August 2025
11 August 2025
July 2025
Bail pending appeal denied: no exceptional circumstances, appeal unlikely to succeed, substantial sentence remains unserved.
  • Criminal procedure — Bail pending appeal (s.359) — Discretionary relief only in exceptional, special or unusual circumstances — Factors include likelihood of success and risk of serving substantive sentence — Likelihood alone rarely sufficient.
28 July 2025
Criminal defamation provision struck down as an unconstitutional, disproportionate limit on freedom of expression.
  • Constitutional law — Freedom of expression — Criminal defamation — Section 200 Penal Code — Overbreadth, vagueness and chilling effect — Section 44 limitation test — Civil remedies as less restrictive means — Attorney General’s neutral role in constitutional referrals.
17 July 2025
Whether criminal defamation (section 200) unjustifiably limits freedom of expression and must be struck down.
  • Criminal defamation — Freedom of expression (section 35) — Limitation test (section 44(1),(2)) — Proportionality and necessity — Civil remedies as less restrictive means — Chilling effect — Decriminalisation consistent with regional and international jurisprudence — Attorney General’s impartial role in constitutional referrals.
17 July 2025
Court ordered DNA tests to resolve disputed parentage for estate succession and charged testing costs to the estate.
  • Family law; succession and inheritance — determination of parentage — DNA testing versus birth certificates as prima facie evidence — standing of interested persons — statutory three-year limit for parentage applications; estate to bear testing costs.
9 July 2025
June 2025
A dispute arising from an insurance contract is a commercial matter and must be heard in the Commercial Division.
  • Commercial law — Jurisdiction — Definition of "commercial matter" — Insurance services within definition — Nature and business connection, not monetary value, determine commercial classification — High Court supervisory review and nullification of magistrate proceedings.
24 June 2025
Court declared multiple constitutional breaches in a detained child’s treatment and ordered declarations, mandamus, compensation and costs.
  • Constitutional and child-protection law — detention of children — torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment — right to be informed of rights on arrest — prompt notification of parent/guardian — separation from adult offenders — right to nutrition — entitlement to compensation and mandamus relief.
19 June 2025
An unwarned shot by a police officer killed an innocent bystander; the police service held vicariously liable, revenue authority not liable.
  • Police law — use of firearms — duty to give warning, proportionality, and duty to render medical assistance; vicarious liability of police service; revenue authority not vicariously liable; admissibility and limited weight of hearsay in postmortem remarks.
19 June 2025
May 2025
Claim on promissory note dismissed; loan deemed usurious and defendant held to have repaid in full.
  • Bills of Exchange — Promissory note — Validity of instrument, requirement of an unconditional promise and presentment under s89 and s93
  • Loans Recovery Act — Usury/Loans — Reopening transactions where interest is excessive, harsh or unconscionable
  • Civil procedure / Debt collection — Unlicensed collection and coercive enforcement — Illegality under Legal Education and Legal Practitioners Act
30 May 2025
Court exercised inherent jurisdiction to release a deteriorating vehicle from custody, imposing conditions to protect the applicant's claim.
  • Civil procedure — Inherent jurisdiction — Release of property in Court custody to prevent deterioration — Interim protective conditions to safeguard parties' substantive rights.
28 May 2025
The respondent's application for leave to appeal was denied because the High Court's review judgment remained inchoate pending assessment of terminal dues.
  • Administrative law — Appeals — Leave required for appeals from High Court judgments given on review under s123(2) of the Constitution and s21 of the Supreme Court of Appeal Act; inchoate judgments pending Registrar’s assessment; Ombudsman jurisdiction — anonymous complaints and locus standi; interpretation of constitutional provisions and binding precedent.
22 May 2025
Appellate court found KYC‑related poor performance justified dismissal; set aside boosted compensation and reassessed remedies.
  • Employment law
    • — Unfair dismissal — Poor performance on KYC compliance — Valid reason and employer’s duty to act with justice and equity — Employment Act ss57,61
    • — Compensation for unfair dismissal — Statutory minima and court discretion under s63(4)–(5) — Role of mitigation
    • — Severance allowance — Statutory calculation under First Schedule — No judicial 'boost' for devaluation absent statutory or pleaded basis
21 May 2025
An expired, unrenewed summons served outside the three‑month period is ineffectual and justified striking out the claim.
  • Civil procedure — validity and service of summons — Order 7 rule 25 (3‑month rule) — Irregularity and cure — Order 2 rules — renewal of summons — strike out — notice of change of legal practitioners not served — interlocutory application falls away.
9 May 2025
9 May 2025
Whether long-serving casual workers were employees and whether they proved discrimination and entitlement to enhanced benefits.
  • Labour law — employee v independent contractor — totality of relationship test (control, integration, economic dependence, length of service, employer's treatment) — procedural compliance with Practice Direction No.1 of 2010 — discrimination claims require proof of prohibited ground under Constitution s.20 — costs in appellate labour matters discretionary.
3 May 2025
2 May 2025
April 2025
28 April 2025
Judicial review of the DPP’s prosecutorial decisions is exceptional; applicants must first exhaust parliamentary and criminal remedies.
  • Prosecutorial discretion — Judicial review leave — Selective prosecution alleged — Requirement to exhaust parliamentary oversight (Legal Affairs Committee) — Exceptional circumstances threshold (dishonesty/mala fides) — Prematurity and abuse of civil process to challenge criminal proceedings.
28 April 2025
Accrued annual leave cannot be forfeited; employer must pay untaken earned leave on termination.
  • Employment law — Annual leave — Employer’s duty to grant leave; employee’s duty to take leave — No statutory forfeiture of accrued earned leave — Contractual clauses purporting to forfeit accrued leave void — Entitlement to payment for accrued untaken leave on termination (sections 44 and 45, Employment Act).
25 April 2025
Non-renewal of seasonal contracts is not unfair dismissal where seasonal employment ended and terminal benefits were paid.
  • Employment law — Seasonal employment — Section 43 (continuous seasons) — Unfair dismissal burden under s61 — Non-renewal of seasonal contracts not unfair dismissal where contracts end and terminal benefits paid.
11 April 2025
Whether the applicant's pregnancy‑related absence was an unfair dismissal entitling her to gratuity, salary and compensation.
  • Employment Law
    • — Contractual status — Fixed‑term versus continuous employment — Presumption of continuous service where work is regular (Employment Act ss 28(3), 41(2))
    • — Termination — Pregnancy‑related illness and absence — Employer’s burden to prove fairness and procedural compliance (Employment Act ss 57, 62)
    • — Remedies — Gratuity, salary arrears and compensation for unfair dismissal — Proof of payment and enforceable settlement required (Employment Act ss 35, 63)
9 April 2025
The employer's appeal against compensation for the respondent's constructive dismissal was dismissed; s63 discretion upheld.
  • Employment law — Unfair/constructive dismissal — Assessment of compensation — Sections 63(4) and 63(5) Employment Act — Immediate loss and future loss — Pleading standards in Industrial Relations Court — Statutory severance allowance (s35).
4 April 2025
Court stayed disciplinary processes and dismissal pending trial given triable issues over tribunal competence and executive authority.
  • Industrial Relations Court — Interim relief — Stay of disciplinary proceedings pending trial; Unfair dismissal — Competence of disciplinary tribunal in absence of sitting board; Authority of corporate officers vis-à-vis MEMARTS; Risk of prejudice and reinstatement remedy.
1 April 2025
The High Court has no jurisdiction to enlarge the statutory 30‑day appeal period from the Industrial Relations Court.
  • Labour law — Appeals from Industrial Relations Court — Section 65(2) Labour Relations Act — thirty-day statutory appeal period — High Court lacks power to enlarge time — IRC (Procedure) Rules inapplicable in High Court.
1 April 2025
March 2025
30 March 2025
Oral preliminary objections are procedurally improper; such issues must be raised by formal application supported by affidavit.
  • Civil procedure — preliminary issues — must be raised by formal application supported by affidavit and skeleton arguments — oral preliminary objections improper — viva voce evidence from counsel inappropriate — improperly raised issue struck out with liberty to refile.
25 March 2025
Court awards K70,000,000 to the applicant for negligent medical treatment causing genital mutilation, including exemplary damages.
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16 March 2025
Court denied the applicant’s request to relocate three children to Canada as contrary to their best interests.
  • Child relocation — best interests of the child; parental capacity and financial stability; continuity and family relationships; compliance with Malawi dual-citizenship law; unilateral registration of minor’s foreign citizenship.
14 March 2025
Registrar’s total non-response to information requests on political party funding was unlawful and required written explanation; fee non-payment alone did not justify silence.
  • Access to information — political party funding — duty of Registrar to respond — constitutional right of access (s.37) — Political Parties Act s.36 — subsidiary fees and competence of requests — absence of regulations — judicial review of administrative non-response.
12 March 2025
High Court affirms unfair dismissal but reduces an IRC award, restricting boosting and interest in labour compensation.
  • Employment law — conversion of fixed-term to indefinite contract — unfair dismissal under sections 28 and 57 of the Employment Act; Labour compensation — judicial discretion under section 63(4) — limits on boosting, inflation adjustments and interest in labour awards; Civil procedure — compliance with pleadings and effect of failure to amend.
12 March 2025
Respondent awarded 50% shares in matrimonial assets due to non‑monetary contributions and equality‑as‑equity principle.
  • Matrimonial property — recognition of non‑monetary contributions — beneficial interest; distribution of assets on divorce — equality‑as‑equity principle; intention v contribution test for joint ownership; application of CEDAW and Maputo Protocol.
11 March 2025
Leave for judicial review of a Law Society disciplinary process was discharged as premature; disciplinary self-regulation aligns with procedural-fairness rights.
  • Administrative law — judicial review — permission to commence — prematurity of review before disciplinary hearing; Legal profession — self-regulation and disciplinary jurisdiction; Constitutional law — section 43 right to procedurally fair administrative action; Professional ethics — personal conduct on social media as conduct bringing profession into discredit.
11 March 2025
High Court reversed conviction entered in absentia for felony; ordered trial to continue upon arrest and plea to amended charges.
  • Criminal procedure — review — High Court power to call records — Trial in absentia — section 248 CP&EC — felony charges — requirement to issue warrant and bring accused before court — convictions where accused did not plead to amended charge.
7 March 2025
Whether a public officer failed to declare a close associate’s interest and whether foreign intelligence evidence was admissible.
  • Criminal law — s25D(2)(a) Corrupt Practices Act — failure to declare interest — scope of ‘interest’ and ‘close associate’ — interplay with PPDA Act; admissibility of foreign intelligence/evidence obtained under an MOU; case‑to‑answer test under s313 CP&EC.
4 March 2025
February 2025
Ex parte freezing injunction vacated after applicant suppressed material related‑party and forensic‑audit facts.
  • Civil procedure — freezing injunctions — Order 10 r.11, r.12(2)(b) CPR — requirements: good and arguable case, assets likely to form part of judgment, risk of dissipation — equitable relief requires full and frank disclosure — clean hands doctrine — proportionality of freezing orders — relevance of forensic audit and related-party conflicts.
7 February 2025
Claim dismissed for want of prosecution after counsel failed to renew licence and timely inform the claimant.
  • Civil procedure — dismissal for want of prosecution; counsel's duty to maintain valid practising licence (LELPA s30); duty to inform client and arrange alternative representation (LELPA s31(5)); adjournment discretionary; costs for prejudice caused by counsel's conduct.
6 February 2025
Court orders pending appeal to determine custody and proposed relocation, stays parallel proceedings, prioritizing the child’s best interests.
  • Family law — Child custody and access — Proposed relocation of child abroad (Portugal) — Jurisdiction to dissolve marriage — Best interests of the child (Constitution s.23) — Stay of parallel proceedings — Recusal: reasonable apprehension of bias test — Review vs appeal.
3 February 2025