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5,386 judgments
February 2026
Whether the Chief Secretary lawfully seconded senior military officers — judicial review, s43 fairness and Public Service Act deployment rules.
  • Judicial review — amenability of executive actions; administrative justice — s43 right to lawful and procedurally fair administrative action and reasons; ultra vires and Wednesbury unreasonableness — Public Service Act (s10) deployment requirements; separation of powers — High Court jurisdiction under s108(2); duty of candour in judicial review.
12 February 2026
Conversion of permanent contracts to fixed‑term without genuine consultation amounted to unfair dismissal; severance underpaid and PAYE unlawfully deducted.
  • Labour Law
    • — Dismissal/Termination — Whether conversion of unspecified‑period contracts to fixed‑term amounts to termination and unfair dismissal
    • — Operational Requirements — Burden on employer to prove genuine, evidenced operational necessity for termination
    • — Severance/Taxation — Whether severance allowance is compensatory (non‑taxable) and whether PAYE deductions from severance are lawful
9 February 2026
Parties must exhaust internal church remedies and arbitration; court cannot grant reinstatement as urgent interim relief.
  • Employment dispute — arbitration clause — enforceability despite contract expiry — requirement to exhaust internal (church) remedies including Synod/General Assembly — court lacks jurisdiction to grant reinstatement as urgent interim relief
9 February 2026
January 2026
Court holds domestic jurisdiction prevails; fresh arbitration and foreign proceedings restrained as abuse of process.
  • Commercial law — arbitration clause — stay of proceedings — section 6(1) Arbitration Act — jurisdiction after Supreme Court of Appeal order — anti-suit injunction — forum shopping — competence of procedural application under CPR 2017.
29 January 2026
A stay filed under incorrect rules is incompetent; election urgency does not excuse procedural non‑compliance.
  • Civil Procedure
    • — Stay/Suspension of Judgment — Proper procedural basis and applicable rules — Courts (High Court) (Civil Procedure) Rules Order 28 Rules 48–50 — Supreme Court Rules inapplicable to High Court proceedings
    • — Inherent Jurisdiction — Invocation where specific statutory procedure exists — Not to be used in lieu of prescribed rules without solid cause
    • — Curative Powers — Order 2 Rule 2/3 — Irregularities may be cured but good cause required; urgency alone insufficient
29 January 2026
High Court remitted a medical disciplinary case for fresh inquiry due to an incomplete and inadequate record.
  • Medical disciplinary proceedings — statutory requirement to record proceedings and reasons (s48(5) Medical Practitioners and Dentists Act) — incomplete/inconsistent record — adequacy of minutes vs verbatim record — appellate review limited by deficient record — referral for fresh inquiry — issues of informed consent, negligence and gross incompetence considered but not determined on merits.
29 January 2026
An arbitration clause expressly excluding the escrow agent prevents the applicant from obtaining a stay pending arbitration.
  • Arbitration — Stay of proceedings under s.6 Arbitration Act — Arbitration clause in escrow agreement — Clause expressly excluding escrow agent — Interpretation of exclusion clause — Readiness and willingness to arbitrate required as evidentiary burden.
27 January 2026
Airline's refusal to carry a disabled child without lawful or reasonable justification amounted to discrimination and violated dignity.
  • Disability discrimination in air carriage; reasonable accommodation and medical clearance; Chicago Convention Annex 9; right to equality and dignity; general (not punitive) damages awarded.
23 January 2026
Regulator lawfully conducted inquiry and later disciplinary hearing; ad hoc committee and concurrent criminal proceedings were permissible.
  • Administrative law — statutory interpretation of regulatory disciplinary powers — sections 17, 36 and 37 read together; delegation to committees and use of ad hoc panels permissible; distinction between inquiry and disciplinary hearing; concurrent criminal and disciplinary proceedings not per se unreasonable.
22 January 2026
21 January 2026
Withdrawal of a bail application does not terminate criminal proceedings; the court may grant release and issue case-management directions to protect liberty.
  • Constitutional rights — personal liberty and 48-hour rule — withdrawal of bail application — effect on ongoing criminal proceedings — habeas corpus as appropriate remedy — court's discretion to grant reliefs mero motu; case management and disclosure obligations.
20 January 2026
14 January 2026
13 January 2026
8 January 2026
Stay refused because contract's "arbitration" clause only required negotiation, not binding arbitration.
  • Arbitration law — stay of proceedings — clause headed 'ARBITRATION' construed as negotiation clause — heading cannot override clear substantive wording — requirement of valid arbitration agreement under s.6(1).
6 January 2026
5 January 2026
December 2025
The claimant’s late-registered lease was void; earlier registered lease prevails and the trespass claim is dismissed.
  • Deeds Registration Act — mandatory registration period; late registration renders instrument void — priority of registration under s.8
  • Trespass — possessory tort; possession ordinarily sufficient but yields to superior registered title. Nemo dat quod non habet — unregistered surrender ineffective; re-grant by minister invalid if prior lease subsists. Res judicata — default judicial review judgment not a merits-based bar; identity of parties and merits required
  • Limitation — bars affirmative claims but does not preclude defendants relying on historical title defensively
  • Relief — interlocutory injunction vacated; court-directed survey to demarcate customary land boundaries
30 December 2025
Letters of Administration revoked for fraudulent procurement; Administrator General appointed and respondent ordered to account.
  • Probate — Revocation of Letters of Administration — Fraudulent procurement and forgery — DEWIPA s55
  • Evidence — Documentary comparison — Signature discrepancies and absence of contemporaneous communications as indicia of fraud
  • Estate administration — Duty to account and court power to appoint Administrator General where administration is compromised
19 December 2025
Acquittal upheld where prosecution failed to produce expert or corroborative evidence proving drug’s falsity or lack of HIV cure.
  • Criminal law — case-to-answer; Pharmacy and Medicines Regulatory Authority Act 2019 — offences: misleading sale, false/misleading statements, advertising without approval; Penal Code — obtaining by false pretences, conspiracy to defraud; confession admissibility and requirement of independent corroboration; judicial notice and necessity of expert/scientific evidence for medical questions; appellate review on points of law by DPP.
19 December 2025
18 December 2025
17 December 2025
Whether a signed written K42,000,000 loan existed, was usurious under the Loans Recovery Act, and whether vehicle security must be returned.
  • Contract formation — existence and certainty of written loan agreement; Parol evidence rule — written document prevails; Loans Recovery Act — reopening transactions for excessive/usurious interest; Pleadings — duress/alternative claims must be specifically pleaded and proved; Security disputes — unproven vehicle security and counterclaim dismissed.
17 December 2025
Employer’s failure to consult before retrenchment rendered dismissal unfair; severance and limited salary arrears awarded, other claims dismissed.
  • Employment law — unfair dismissal for operational requirements — duty to consult employees before retrenchment — entitlement to compensation for unfair dismissal — statutory formula for severance pay — proof required for salary arrears, allowances and pension claims.
12 December 2025
Applicant’s resignation did not amount to constructive dismissal; respondent’s counterclaim of K445,598.00 awarded.
  • Employment law — Constructive dismissal — Burden on employee to show employer’s conduct unreasonable; failure to follow internal grievance procedures; credibility and evidence required to prove repudiatory breach.
12 December 2025
Assistant Registrar’s inflated assessment varied to statutory minima; pension award and 50% uplift set aside.
  • Employment law — Assessment of compensation for unfair dismissal — Application of section 63(4) and (5) Employment Act — Use of salary at date of dismissal — Assessing court must not award beyond years of service — Assessing court must respect terms of liability judgment — Employer pension not assessable absent remit — Boosting (uplifting) awards and effect of employee contributory fault.
12 December 2025
Interim inhibition under s123 RLA set aside; applicant lacked arguable claim and property was not at risk.
  • Registered Land Act s123 — inhibition orders — discretionary preservatory relief — threshold: risk of disposition, refusal would render suit nugatory, and arguable/sustainable claim — set aside of interim inhibition where threshold not met.
12 December 2025
Court cured a defective application heading, held it retained jurisdiction to hear suspension of enforcement, and dismissed the claimant’s preliminary objection with costs.
  • Civil procedure — Mediation and mandatory attendance — Order 13 CPR 2017 — Default judgment for non-attendance — Restoration and suspension of enforcement under Order 28 r48 — Curable procedural defects (Order 2 r3(d)) — Functus officio rule — Preliminary objections permitted.
11 December 2025
Stay of execution denied where applicants failed to prove inability to repay and prosecution of the appeal was unduly delayed.
  • Stay of execution pending appeal — Order 28 r.48 CPR 2017 — applicant must show special circumstances — inability v unwillingness to pay — need for enforcement evidence (sheriff’s return) — corporate personality separates company and individual liabilities — judicial discretion and impact of undue delay.
10 December 2025
Defective affidavits and insufficient evidence meant petitioner failed to prove electoral irregularities; election confirmed.
  • Election law — electoral petition — admissibility and credibility of affidavits (name, signature and jurat date discrepancies) — failure to cross-examine deponent — burden and standard of proof in election petitions — MEC’s investigatory duties, jurisdiction and remedial powers — allegations of handouts, intimidation, purchase of voter slips, and ballot handling.
3 December 2025
Dismissals for alleged fuel contamination were substantively and procedurally unfair; deductions and counterclaim dismissed.
  • Labour Law
    • — Termination/Dismissal — Substantive and procedural fairness — Burden on employer under Employment Act s62
    • — Unfair labour practices — Deductions for transit losses — Requirement for proof and lawful authority
    • — Disciplinary procedure — Disclosure of evidence and right to be heard — Employment Act s57(2)
1 December 2025
November 2025
Non-renewal of fixed-term contracts on expiry is not unfair dismissal where discretionary renewal and project-linked funding apply.
  • Employment law — fixed-term contracts — termination by effluxion of time — section 28(2) Employment Act — discretionary renewal clause — section 28(3) conversion to unspecified-term contracts — distinction between core and support functions — unfair dismissal and unfair labour practice claims.
28 November 2025
Whether retiring employees are entitled to pension (per Pension Act and Circular B) rather than gratuity.
  • Pension law — obligation to provide pension under Pension Act — administrative circulars v. statutory law — Circular A (2017) not lawfully displacing statutory pension rights — Circular B (2019) applicable for computing pension-equivalent benefits — entitlement to pension (10% employer contribution applied over employment) rather than gratuity — Industrial Relations Court jurisdiction to determine discrimination-linked labour claims.
28 November 2025
Fixed-term contract expired by effluxion of time; termination not unfair dismissal and all claims dismissed.
  • Employment law — Fixed-term contracts — Effluxion of time terminates contract — Not unfair dismissal; Employment Act — fixed-term contracts excluded from severance and notice pay; Burden and standard of proof in civil claims — balance of probabilities; Evidential proof of payment — payslips, terminal benefits receipt and pension statements; Discretionary bonuses and statutory pension claims procedure (Pension Act s.62).
28 November 2025
Claimant proved agreement for Malawi Kwacha equivalent compensation referenced to US$25,000; quoting foreign currency as reference not illegal.
  • Contract — agreement to pay Malawi Kwacha equivalent of foreign currency — reference currency permissible; Civil procedure — burden and standard of proof on balance of probabilities; Evidence — adverse inference from failure to call material witnesses; Exchange control — quoting or indexing to foreign currency does not per se constitute illegality.
26 November 2025
Whether the applicant is entitled to continue an interlocutory injunction despite a one-day late filing and alleged non-disclosure and stamping issues.
  • Interlocutory injunctions — Order 10 Rule 27 (CPR 2017) — American Cyanamid principles — serious question to be tried; adequacy of damages; preservation of status quo — CPR Order 2 cure of irregularity — duty of full and frank disclosure for ex parte relief — equity and unclean hands — effect of unstamped agreements where party treats contract as operative.
21 November 2025
Court held that marriages cannot be dissolved by private consent; divorce established for desertion and property split 30:70.
  • Family Law
    • — Divorce — Whether parties can dissolve a marriage by mutual consent without court decree
    • — Jurisdiction — Determination of marriage type and validity before granting divorce
    • — Matrimonial Property — Distribution principles and evidentiary requirements for customary practices
21 November 2025
The applicant’s application to set aside a default judgment succeeded due to non-service and an arguable defence.
  • Civil procedure — Setting aside default judgment — Non-service of originating process — Delay in bringing application — Prospects of defence — Prejudice — Vacatur of interlocutory injunction.
20 November 2025
Section 100 petition confined to Commission‑decided complaints; one unsigned result sheet found but did not affect election, petition dismissed.
  • Election law — Section 100 appeal limited to matters decided by the Commission; scope of election petitions; irregularity defined as non‑compliance with the Act; presiding officer’s signature mandatory on result sheets; criminal electoral offences (handouts, unlawful campaigning) are for criminal process and require conviction before affecting election outcome; burden of proof on petitioner on balance of probabilities.
11 November 2025
Enforcing a signed six-day employment contract did not constitute unlawful religious discrimination.
  • Employment Law
    • — Discrimination — Religious observance and Sabbath work — Enforcement of a valid contract requiring Saturday work does not, without more, constitute religious discrimination
    • — Fixed-term Contract — Effluxion of time v dismissal — Non-renewal of a fixed-term contract is not a dismissal absent evidence of unfairness or discriminatory motive
    • — Benefits — Conditional allowances tied to participation in six-day field operations — Entitlement requires actual performance of qualifying duties
10 November 2025
Post-declaration election petitions proceed under Section 101; technical defects in verification are curable and not necessarily fatal.
  • Election law — Procedure — Distinction between Sections 100 and 101 PPLGEA — Post-declaration petitions proceed under Section 101 — Verifying sworn statements and exhibits — Procedural defects curable under CPR, 2017 — Judicial review not mandatory for factual election disputes.
7 November 2025
Dismissal based on uncorroborated suspicion and without fair hearing was substantively and procedurally unfair.
  • Employment Law — Unfair Dismissal — Substantive and Procedural Fairness — Reasonable investigation and burden of proof — Employment Act ss 57, 59, 63
3 November 2025
October 2025
High Court set aside committal for extradition due to procedural unfairness, evidentiary defects, improper authentication, and safety concerns for applicants.
  • Extradition — procedural fairness — right to be heard; adequacy of judicial reasons; authentication of extradition documents; hearsay and admissibility; linkage between ATP, warrants and charges; specialty and statutory compliance; consideration of safety, delay and bad faith.
31 October 2025
Employer’s failure to investigate sexual harassment and dismissing complainant without hearing amounted to unfair labour practice and unfair dismissal.
  • Labour Law
    • — Sexual Harassment — Employer’s duty to investigate complaints and liability for senior officer’s misconduct — Gender Equality Act ss 6–7; Employment Act s 5; Constitution s 31
    • — Unfair Dismissal — Requirement of substantive and procedural fairness including right to be heard — Employment Act s 57; Employment Act s 63
    • — Remedies — Separate awards for unfair labour practice (dignity/psychic harm) and unfair dismissal (economic loss) — Gender Equality Act s 20; Employment Act s 63
29 October 2025
A raped minor’s denial of abortion breached reproductive rights; law and guidelines require considering mental-health grounds for termination.
  • Gender Equality Act — right to sexual and reproductive health; Penal Code s243 — preservation of life includes mental health; vicarious liability of employer; duty to impart information; Minister’s duty to provide clear clinical guidance; Human Rights Commission enforcement obligations; access to lawful abortion for minors impregnated by sexual violence.
28 October 2025
Long continuous service established employment; resignation voluntary; gratuity and other monetary claims dismissed for lack of legal or evidential basis.
  • Employment Law
    • — Employment Relationship — Whether long-term voluntary service matured into employment (contract, continuity and payroll evidence)
    • — Termination — Constructive dismissal — Whether employer’s conduct amounted to fundamental breach forcing resignation
    • — Remuneration and Benefits — Gratuity, pension, leave, overtime and wage arrears — contractual entitlement and evidentiary proof required
6 October 2025
Appeal allowed: finding of constructive dismissal reversed; compensation assessment principles clarified and arbitrary 30% boost disallowed.
  • Employment law — constructive dismissal — demotion and transfers; conditional loan as possible victimisation; timing and delay in claiming constructive dismissal; compensation assessment under Employment Act s.63(4) and minima in s.63(5); mitigation of loss; courts may not 'boost' awards for inflation—use prevailing wage instead.
2 October 2025
Applicants awarded salary-difference and lump-sum damages for unfair labour practices and excessive workload; respondent ordered to produce salary scales.
  • Employment law — Unfair labour practices — Overloading interns with work of higher grade — Remedy: salary-difference comparator to Staff Associates, lump-sum damages; court-ordered disclosure of comparator salary progression; no notice pay awarded.
2 October 2025
September 2025
Demotion without fair process or evidence constituted unfair dismissal; applicants entitled to compensation, severance and pension.
  • Labour Law
    • — Termination/Demotion — Substantive and procedural fairness in dismissal — Employer’s burden to prove reasons under Employment Act ss57,61
    • — Remedies — Compensation, severance and pension entitlements for unfair dismissal — Employment Act s63; Pension Act vesting obligations
29 September 2025
Leave for judicial review dismissed for deficient drafting, but applicant granted liberty to refile with notice to respondent.
  • Judicial review — leave to apply — procedural and drafting deficiencies (typos, wrong citations, unclear arguments) — Order 19 CPR — dismissal with liberty to refile — notice to respondent.
22 September 2025
Summary dismissal for negligence, unprofessional communication and insubordination was fair; employer must account for pension deductions.
  • Labour Law
    • — Dismissal — Procedural and substantive fairness — Employment Act ss 57, 61, 62
    • — Employee Benefits — Employer's duty to remit pension contributions — Pension Act ss 9, 35, 36
22 September 2025