All courts - 2025

101 judgments
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Results. 101 judgments found.

101 judgments
December 2025
The claimant’s late-registered lease was void; earlier registered lease prevails and the trespass claim is dismissed.
  • Deeds Registration Act — mandatory registration period; late registration renders instrument void — priority of registration under s.8
  • Trespass — possessory tort; possession ordinarily sufficient but yields to superior registered title. Nemo dat quod non habet — unregistered surrender ineffective; re-grant by minister invalid if prior lease subsists. Res judicata — default judicial review judgment not a merits-based bar; identity of parties and merits required
  • Limitation — bars affirmative claims but does not preclude defendants relying on historical title defensively
  • Relief — interlocutory injunction vacated; court-directed survey to demarcate customary land boundaries
30 December 2025
Letters of Administration revoked for fraudulent procurement; Administrator General appointed and respondent ordered to account.
  • Probate — Revocation of Letters of Administration — Fraudulent procurement and forgery — DEWIPA s55
  • Evidence — Documentary comparison — Signature discrepancies and absence of contemporaneous communications as indicia of fraud
  • Estate administration — Duty to account and court power to appoint Administrator General where administration is compromised
19 December 2025
Acquittal upheld where prosecution failed to produce expert or corroborative evidence proving drug’s falsity or lack of HIV cure.
  • Criminal law — case-to-answer; Pharmacy and Medicines Regulatory Authority Act 2019 — offences: misleading sale, false/misleading statements, advertising without approval; Penal Code — obtaining by false pretences, conspiracy to defraud; confession admissibility and requirement of independent corroboration; judicial notice and necessity of expert/scientific evidence for medical questions; appellate review on points of law by DPP.
19 December 2025
18 December 2025
17 December 2025
Whether a signed written K42,000,000 loan existed, was usurious under the Loans Recovery Act, and whether vehicle security must be returned.
  • Contract formation — existence and certainty of written loan agreement; Parol evidence rule — written document prevails; Loans Recovery Act — reopening transactions for excessive/usurious interest; Pleadings — duress/alternative claims must be specifically pleaded and proved; Security disputes — unproven vehicle security and counterclaim dismissed.
17 December 2025
Employer’s failure to consult before retrenchment rendered dismissal unfair; severance and limited salary arrears awarded, other claims dismissed.
  • Employment law — unfair dismissal for operational requirements — duty to consult employees before retrenchment — entitlement to compensation for unfair dismissal — statutory formula for severance pay — proof required for salary arrears, allowances and pension claims.
12 December 2025
Applicant’s resignation did not amount to constructive dismissal; respondent’s counterclaim of K445,598.00 awarded.
  • Employment law — Constructive dismissal — Burden on employee to show employer’s conduct unreasonable; failure to follow internal grievance procedures; credibility and evidence required to prove repudiatory breach.
12 December 2025
Assistant Registrar’s inflated assessment varied to statutory minima; pension award and 50% uplift set aside.
  • Employment law — Assessment of compensation for unfair dismissal — Application of section 63(4) and (5) Employment Act — Use of salary at date of dismissal — Assessing court must not award beyond years of service — Assessing court must respect terms of liability judgment — Employer pension not assessable absent remit — Boosting (uplifting) awards and effect of employee contributory fault.
12 December 2025
Interim inhibition under s123 RLA set aside; applicant lacked arguable claim and property was not at risk.
  • Registered Land Act s123 — inhibition orders — discretionary preservatory relief — threshold: risk of disposition, refusal would render suit nugatory, and arguable/sustainable claim — set aside of interim inhibition where threshold not met.
12 December 2025
Court cured a defective application heading, held it retained jurisdiction to hear suspension of enforcement, and dismissed the claimant’s preliminary objection with costs.
  • Civil procedure — Mediation and mandatory attendance — Order 13 CPR 2017 — Default judgment for non-attendance — Restoration and suspension of enforcement under Order 28 r48 — Curable procedural defects (Order 2 r3(d)) — Functus officio rule — Preliminary objections permitted.
11 December 2025
Stay of execution denied where applicants failed to prove inability to repay and prosecution of the appeal was unduly delayed.
  • Stay of execution pending appeal — Order 28 r.48 CPR 2017 — applicant must show special circumstances — inability v unwillingness to pay — need for enforcement evidence (sheriff’s return) — corporate personality separates company and individual liabilities — judicial discretion and impact of undue delay.
10 December 2025
Defective affidavits and insufficient evidence meant petitioner failed to prove electoral irregularities; election confirmed.
  • Election law — electoral petition — admissibility and credibility of affidavits (name, signature and jurat date discrepancies) — failure to cross-examine deponent — burden and standard of proof in election petitions — MEC’s investigatory duties, jurisdiction and remedial powers — allegations of handouts, intimidation, purchase of voter slips, and ballot handling.
3 December 2025
Dismissals for alleged fuel contamination were substantively and procedurally unfair; deductions and counterclaim dismissed.
  • Labour Law
    • — Termination/Dismissal — Substantive and procedural fairness — Burden on employer under Employment Act s62
    • — Unfair labour practices — Deductions for transit losses — Requirement for proof and lawful authority
    • — Disciplinary procedure — Disclosure of evidence and right to be heard — Employment Act s57(2)
1 December 2025
November 2025
Non-renewal of fixed-term contracts on expiry is not unfair dismissal where discretionary renewal and project-linked funding apply.
  • Employment law — fixed-term contracts — termination by effluxion of time — section 28(2) Employment Act — discretionary renewal clause — section 28(3) conversion to unspecified-term contracts — distinction between core and support functions — unfair dismissal and unfair labour practice claims.
28 November 2025
Whether retiring employees are entitled to pension (per Pension Act and Circular B) rather than gratuity.
  • Pension law — obligation to provide pension under Pension Act — administrative circulars v. statutory law — Circular A (2017) not lawfully displacing statutory pension rights — Circular B (2019) applicable for computing pension-equivalent benefits — entitlement to pension (10% employer contribution applied over employment) rather than gratuity — Industrial Relations Court jurisdiction to determine discrimination-linked labour claims.
28 November 2025
Fixed-term contract expired by effluxion of time; termination not unfair dismissal and all claims dismissed.
  • Employment law — Fixed-term contracts — Effluxion of time terminates contract — Not unfair dismissal; Employment Act — fixed-term contracts excluded from severance and notice pay; Burden and standard of proof in civil claims — balance of probabilities; Evidential proof of payment — payslips, terminal benefits receipt and pension statements; Discretionary bonuses and statutory pension claims procedure (Pension Act s.62).
28 November 2025
Claimant proved agreement for Malawi Kwacha equivalent compensation referenced to US$25,000; quoting foreign currency as reference not illegal.
  • Contract — agreement to pay Malawi Kwacha equivalent of foreign currency — reference currency permissible; Civil procedure — burden and standard of proof on balance of probabilities; Evidence — adverse inference from failure to call material witnesses; Exchange control — quoting or indexing to foreign currency does not per se constitute illegality.
26 November 2025
Whether the applicant is entitled to continue an interlocutory injunction despite a one-day late filing and alleged non-disclosure and stamping issues.
  • Interlocutory injunctions — Order 10 Rule 27 (CPR 2017) — American Cyanamid principles — serious question to be tried; adequacy of damages; preservation of status quo — CPR Order 2 cure of irregularity — duty of full and frank disclosure for ex parte relief — equity and unclean hands — effect of unstamped agreements where party treats contract as operative.
21 November 2025
Court held that marriages cannot be dissolved by private consent; divorce established for desertion and property split 30:70.
  • Family Law
    • — Divorce — Whether parties can dissolve a marriage by mutual consent without court decree
    • — Jurisdiction — Determination of marriage type and validity before granting divorce
    • — Matrimonial Property — Distribution principles and evidentiary requirements for customary practices
21 November 2025
The applicant’s application to set aside a default judgment succeeded due to non-service and an arguable defence.
  • Civil procedure — Setting aside default judgment — Non-service of originating process — Delay in bringing application — Prospects of defence — Prejudice — Vacatur of interlocutory injunction.
20 November 2025
Section 100 petition confined to Commission‑decided complaints; one unsigned result sheet found but did not affect election, petition dismissed.
  • Election law — Section 100 appeal limited to matters decided by the Commission; scope of election petitions; irregularity defined as non‑compliance with the Act; presiding officer’s signature mandatory on result sheets; criminal electoral offences (handouts, unlawful campaigning) are for criminal process and require conviction before affecting election outcome; burden of proof on petitioner on balance of probabilities.
11 November 2025
Enforcing a signed six-day employment contract did not constitute unlawful religious discrimination.
  • Employment Law
    • — Discrimination — Religious observance and Sabbath work — Enforcement of a valid contract requiring Saturday work does not, without more, constitute religious discrimination
    • — Fixed-term Contract — Effluxion of time v dismissal — Non-renewal of a fixed-term contract is not a dismissal absent evidence of unfairness or discriminatory motive
    • — Benefits — Conditional allowances tied to participation in six-day field operations — Entitlement requires actual performance of qualifying duties
10 November 2025
Post-declaration election petitions proceed under Section 101; technical defects in verification are curable and not necessarily fatal.
  • Election law — Procedure — Distinction between Sections 100 and 101 PPLGEA — Post-declaration petitions proceed under Section 101 — Verifying sworn statements and exhibits — Procedural defects curable under CPR, 2017 — Judicial review not mandatory for factual election disputes.
7 November 2025
Dismissal based on uncorroborated suspicion and without fair hearing was substantively and procedurally unfair.
  • Employment Law — Unfair Dismissal — Substantive and Procedural Fairness — Reasonable investigation and burden of proof — Employment Act ss 57, 59, 63
3 November 2025
October 2025
High Court set aside committal for extradition due to procedural unfairness, evidentiary defects, improper authentication, and safety concerns for applicants.
  • Extradition — procedural fairness — right to be heard; adequacy of judicial reasons; authentication of extradition documents; hearsay and admissibility; linkage between ATP, warrants and charges; specialty and statutory compliance; consideration of safety, delay and bad faith.
31 October 2025
Employer’s failure to investigate sexual harassment and dismissing complainant without hearing amounted to unfair labour practice and unfair dismissal.
  • Labour Law
    • — Sexual Harassment — Employer’s duty to investigate complaints and liability for senior officer’s misconduct — Gender Equality Act ss 6–7; Employment Act s 5; Constitution s 31
    • — Unfair Dismissal — Requirement of substantive and procedural fairness including right to be heard — Employment Act s 57; Employment Act s 63
    • — Remedies — Separate awards for unfair labour practice (dignity/psychic harm) and unfair dismissal (economic loss) — Gender Equality Act s 20; Employment Act s 63
29 October 2025
A raped minor’s denial of abortion breached reproductive rights; law and guidelines require considering mental-health grounds for termination.
  • Gender Equality Act — right to sexual and reproductive health; Penal Code s243 — preservation of life includes mental health; vicarious liability of employer; duty to impart information; Minister’s duty to provide clear clinical guidance; Human Rights Commission enforcement obligations; access to lawful abortion for minors impregnated by sexual violence.
28 October 2025
Long continuous service established employment; resignation voluntary; gratuity and other monetary claims dismissed for lack of legal or evidential basis.
  • Employment Law
    • — Employment Relationship — Whether long-term voluntary service matured into employment (contract, continuity and payroll evidence)
    • — Termination — Constructive dismissal — Whether employer’s conduct amounted to fundamental breach forcing resignation
    • — Remuneration and Benefits — Gratuity, pension, leave, overtime and wage arrears — contractual entitlement and evidentiary proof required
6 October 2025
Appeal allowed: finding of constructive dismissal reversed; compensation assessment principles clarified and arbitrary 30% boost disallowed.
  • Employment law — constructive dismissal — demotion and transfers; conditional loan as possible victimisation; timing and delay in claiming constructive dismissal; compensation assessment under Employment Act s.63(4) and minima in s.63(5); mitigation of loss; courts may not 'boost' awards for inflation—use prevailing wage instead.
2 October 2025
Applicants awarded salary-difference and lump-sum damages for unfair labour practices and excessive workload; respondent ordered to produce salary scales.
  • Employment law — Unfair labour practices — Overloading interns with work of higher grade — Remedy: salary-difference comparator to Staff Associates, lump-sum damages; court-ordered disclosure of comparator salary progression; no notice pay awarded.
2 October 2025
September 2025
Demotion without fair process or evidence constituted unfair dismissal; applicants entitled to compensation, severance and pension.
  • Labour Law
    • — Termination/Demotion — Substantive and procedural fairness in dismissal — Employer’s burden to prove reasons under Employment Act ss57,61
    • — Remedies — Compensation, severance and pension entitlements for unfair dismissal — Employment Act s63; Pension Act vesting obligations
29 September 2025
Leave for judicial review dismissed for deficient drafting, but applicant granted liberty to refile with notice to respondent.
  • Judicial review — leave to apply — procedural and drafting deficiencies (typos, wrong citations, unclear arguments) — Order 19 CPR — dismissal with liberty to refile — notice to respondent.
22 September 2025
Summary dismissal for negligence, unprofessional communication and insubordination was fair; employer must account for pension deductions.
  • Labour Law
    • — Dismissal — Procedural and substantive fairness — Employment Act ss 57, 61, 62
    • — Employee Benefits — Employer's duty to remit pension contributions — Pension Act ss 9, 35, 36
22 September 2025
Application dismissed for being commenced in the wrong procedural form; election challenges require petition or Form 86A originations.
  • Election procedure — Mode of commencement — Petition under PPLGEA or judicial review by originating motion (Form 86A); CPR cannot add modes; procedural irregularity fatal.
10 September 2025
Failure of the Returning Officer to notify a nomination defect rendered the exclusion unlawful despite incorrect fee paid at presentation.
  • Election law — nomination fees — age qualification for youth candidates determined at time of presentation — Returning Officer’s duty to notify defects before close of nominations (s.39(2)–(3)) — failure to notify defeats internal remedies (s.99) — judicial review permissible where no communicated decision.
9 September 2025
Claimants failed to prove a binding 2022–23 seed buy‑back contract; claim dismissed and costs awarded to the defendant.
  • Contract formation — offer and acceptance — certainty of terms — burden of proof in civil cases — written contract alleged but not produced — registration/inspection not equivalent to contractual buy-back obligation.
2 September 2025
Chief Justice certifies the whole proceeding as constitutional; certification is a judicial, conclusive act not amenable to review or appeal.
  • Certification under s.9(2) Courts Act — Chief Justice certifies the whole original proceeding; Certification is judicial, conclusive and transforms the case into a constitutional matter; Party-commenced certification ordinarily commenced by summons under CPR Order 19 (service and response required); Alleged procedural irregularities in certification are to be addressed to the Chief Justice (Order 2 Rule 3(a)), not by judicial review or appeal.
2 September 2025
August 2025
Court refused challenge to Acting Director’s authority, stayed 24‑hour production requirement, and granted review permission on campaign speech vs ACB investigatory powers.
  • Administrative law — judicial review; Actings appointments — authority of Deputy Director to act as Director; Anti‑Corruption Bureau powers — s.10–11 Corrupt Practices Act; Electoral law — freedom of expression during campaign (constitutional s.35 and Elections Act s.53–55); Reasonableness of statutory document production timelines; Interim stay to protect campaign speech.
31 August 2025
Court abridged time and set an expedited timetable to hear a review of a candidate's exclusion under Section 42(2) before the election.
  • Electoral law — judicial review of electoral commission decision — exclusion of candidate — urgency — abridgement of time under civil procedure rules — operation of Section 42(2) of the Elections Act.
29 August 2025
Charge under s.138 proved but dismissed under s.337(1)(a) due to youth, consensual non-exploitative relationship, and extenuating circumstances.
  • Criminal law — Sexual intercourse with a child (s.138 Penal Code) — statutory defence (consent, age difference, offender a child) — discretionary dismissal without conviction (s.337(1)(a) Criminal Procedure & Evidence Code) — consensual, non-exploitative adolescent relationships — pregnancy not automatically aggravating.
28 August 2025
Claimant lacked a cognisable right and sufficient interest to seek judicial review of the appointment; application dismissed and costs awarded.
  • Judicial review — permission stage — Order 19 rule 20 requirements — must show a right, interest or legitimate expectation affected and sufficient locus standi; speculative future grievances non-justiciable; interlocutory injunction falls away where permission denied; costs follow the event.
20 August 2025
Whether statutory defence applies to consensual adolescent sex and dismissal under section 337(1)(a).
  • Criminal law — sexual offences: consensual adolescent sex and defilement (section 138 Penal Code) — statutory defence requires accused to be a child, consent and ≤2 years age gap — dismissal under section 337(1)(a) — proportionality and constitutional concerns regarding over-criminalisation of adolescent consensual sex.
18 August 2025
18 August 2025
18 August 2025
12 August 2025
Successive renewals converted an internship into employment; dismissal and wage deduction were unlawful under the Employment Act.
  • Employment Law
    • — Internship v Employment — Whether successive renewals convert a purported fixed‑term internship into an indefinite contract under s 28(3) Employment Act
    • — Unfair Dismissal — Procedural and substantive fairness required under ss 57, 59 and 61 of the Employment Act
    • — Wage Deductions — Lawful only by court order, genuine consent or following disciplinary process under s 52 of the Employment Act
11 August 2025
11 August 2025
July 2025
Bail pending appeal denied: no exceptional circumstances, appeal unlikely to succeed, substantial sentence remains unserved.
  • Criminal procedure — Bail pending appeal (s.359) — Discretionary relief only in exceptional, special or unusual circumstances — Factors include likelihood of success and risk of serving substantive sentence — Likelihood alone rarely sufficient.
28 July 2025
Criminal defamation provision struck down as an unconstitutional, disproportionate limit on freedom of expression.
  • Constitutional law — Freedom of expression — Criminal defamation — Section 200 Penal Code — Overbreadth, vagueness and chilling effect — Section 44 limitation test — Civil remedies as less restrictive means — Attorney General’s neutral role in constitutional referrals.
17 July 2025