All courts - 2024

162 judgments
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Results. 162 judgments found.

162 judgments
September 2024
Interlocutory injunction perpetuated where dispute exists whether respondent exceeded power of sale and damages would be inadequate.
  • Interlocutory injunctions — American Cyanamid principles — serious question to be tried; adequacy of damages — perishable and depreciating business assets; power of sale under power of attorney; preservation of status quo; defendant’s retention as party despite transfer/registration.
5 September 2024
Court refused to dismiss for want of prosecution and ordered mediation, citing court-attributable delay.
  • Civil procedure — dismissal for want of prosecution — court’s inherent jurisdiction — undue delay partly caused by court’s failure to fix mediation date — order for mediation instead of dismissal; no order as to costs.
3 September 2024
Whether to discharge an interlocutory injunction and summarily dismiss a bank’s power-of-sale claim amid disputed loan figures and unregistered charges.
  • Interlocutory injunctions — American Cyanamid test — serious question to be tried; adequacy of damages; balance of convenience. Power of sale — Registered Land Act — requirement to register subsequent charges; effect of failure to register. Equitable mortgage by deposit of title deeds. Duty to provide full statement of account and reconciliation. Summary disposal — no arguable case threshold
3 September 2024
Claimant in rent arrears; landlord’s seizure (distress) and sealing lawful; claimant’s tort and excess‑distress claims fail.
  • Landlord and tenant — rent arrears — distress for rent — right to distrain by landlord or authorised officers without warrant — sealing of premises and re‑entry under lease — excess distress and damage — force majeure (COVID‑19) not available absent clause — false imprisonment and defamation not proved — counterclaim barred while distress subsists.
3 September 2024
August 2024
Registrar’s refusal to issue admission petitions was a judicial act; appeal, not judicial review, was the appropriate remedy.
  • Judicial review — Registrar's refusal to issue court documents — issuance as a judicial function requiring application of judicial mind — decisions of Registrar exercising judicial functions not amenable to judicial review — alternative remedy by appeal — exhaustion of remedies.
12 August 2024
Permission for judicial review refused because the Assistant Registrar’s act was judicial and appeal, not review, was the appropriate remedy.
  • Judicial review — Registrar’s functions — Issuance/rejection of court processes as judicial acts — Amenability to judicial review vs appeal — Alternative remedy (appeal) required before review — Natural justice and ultra vires challenge to admission-to-bar decision.
12 August 2024
Permission to seek judicial review denied because the Registrar acted in a judicial capacity and an appeal, not review, was the appropriate remedy.
  • Administrative law — judicial review — registrar’s issuance of court processes is a judicial function; decisions by a registrar exercising judicial power are not amenable to judicial review but to appeal; judicial review is a remedy of last resort where alternative remedies exist.
12 August 2024
Court set aside party executive’s candidate‑eligibility rules as ultra vires and violative of members’ constitutional political rights.
  • Constitutional and party law — justiciability of intra‑party disputes — locus standi of party member — ultra vires acts by party executive — limitation of members’ political rights — Section 40 Constitution — Political Parties Act compliance.
6 August 2024
July 2024
Claims of negligence and defamation against auditors over a confidential forensic report dismissed; no duty owed to the claimant.
  • Auditor liability — duty of care limited to commissioning client; negligent misstatement — proximity and foreseeability; defamation — necessity of adoption and publication; confidentiality and court-ordered disclosure; compliance with ISRS 4400.
31 July 2024
Court refused immediate release but ordered alternatives, a 30‑day deportation ceiling, non‑detention of children and reporting by the State.
  • Immigration law — detention limits under Immigration Act s.14(1) and Regulations (Reg.14(3)) — constitutional right to liberty — reasonable 30‑day ceiling pending deportation — alternatives to prison (temporary permits, bond, non‑prison facilities, self‑repatriation) — non‑detention of children — structural interdict and court oversight of implementation.
29 July 2024
Applicants detained beyond the 90-day pretrial limit for murder; court found detention unlawful and ordered conditional release on bail.
  • Constitutional right to challenge detention (s42) — pre-trial custody limit for murder (s161G CP & EC) — power to grant bail after expiry of custody time limit (s161I CP & EC) — unlawful detention — release on bail with conditions.
29 July 2024
29 July 2024
Removal of a village headman without being heard breached natural justice and was quashed.
  • Administrative law — Judicial review — Procedural fairness and natural justice; section 43 Constitution (administrative justice); Chiefs Act s.9 — appointment/removal of village headmen; interpretation of administrative circular; Wednesbury unreasonableness; remedy — certiorari and costs.
26 July 2024
Convictions upheld; enhanced sentences set aside because the appellant was not given notice or a hearing before enhancement.
  • Criminal law — Defilement and child trafficking — Convictions upheld; Sentence enhancement — appellate increase set aside for failure to afford audi alteram partem — Right to be heard before adverse sentencing order — Late filing of skeleton arguments allowed as exception — State nonattendance at apex court criticized.
23 July 2024
Consent judgment ordering defendants to pay claimant, third party to refund failed forward-exchange proceeds, and State to ensure funding.
  • Civil procedure — Consent judgment — Settlement enforcement; Commercial/contract law — refund for total failure of consideration under modified forward exchange contract; Escrow/escrow-account directions — joint control, restricted release and priority of disbursement; State involvement — direction to ensure funding to satisfy judgment.
22 July 2024
Default judgment for terminal benefits is not taxable; collection costs payable but without interest, Registrar to assess.
  • Taxation of judgment debts — terminal/post-employment benefits — characterization of monthly payments as net versus gross — prohibition on double taxation — collection costs payable but no interest — Registrar to assess collection costs.
22 July 2024
Failure to inform an unrepresented accused of statutory defences in defilement proceedings vitiates the conviction and mandates retrial.
  • Criminal procedure — Plea of guilty — s251(2) CP&EC — requirement to ascertain accused understands nature and consequences of plea; Criminal law — Defilement — s138 Penal Code — statutory defences (age-difference/consent) — duty of trial court to explain defences to unrepresented accused; Fair trial — omission to inform of defences vitiates conviction — conviction reversed and retrial ordered.
21 July 2024
Failure to comply with scheduling conference directions justified striking out the 1st defendant’s defence and dismissing its counterclaim.
  • Civil procedure — scheduling conference directions — mandatory compliance with Order 14 — effect of non-compliance (Order 14 r.5) — striking out defence and dismissal of counterclaim as sanction — section 47 General Interpretation Act inapplicable to court directions — good cause required to avoid sanctions.
17 July 2024
The claimant cannot sue defendants to set aside a consent judgment for alleged former-counsel misconduct; action dismissed with prejudice.
  • Civil procedure — Consent orders — Setting aside consent judgment — Grounds required: mistake/fraud or material/supervening change — Pleading particularity — Misconduct by former counsel is remedy against counsel, not basis against opposing parties — Frivolous/vexatious actions and abuse of process — Dismissal with prejudice and costs.
17 July 2024
Attempt to set aside a consent judgment dismissed as frivolous; claimant should sue former lawyers or enforce the order.
  • Civil procedure — setting aside consent orders — requirement to plead mistake, misrepresentation or material supervening change — abuse of process — remedy against former lawyers or by enforcing consent judgment.
17 July 2024
Action to set aside a consent order dismissed as disclosing no reasonable cause and an abuse of court process.
  • Civil procedure — setting aside consent orders — necessity to plead and particularise mistake, misrepresentation or material supervening event; remedies against former lawyers versus setting aside consent judgment; dismissal for frivolous, vexatious or abusive proceedings.
17 July 2024
Claimant failed to prove ownership or arbitrary appropriation; land was likely acquired via community consent and compensated, claim dismissed with costs.
  • Property law — proof of ownership and representative capacity — arbitrary appropriation of land — customary land acquisition procedures and compensation — evidential burden and failure to call material witness.
17 July 2024
Applicant proved false imprisonment and defamation by the retailer and assault by police, entitling her to damages.
  • False imprisonment; assault and battery; defamation; shop detention; police misconduct; damages; civil burden and balance of probabilities.
16 July 2024
Limitation Act does not apply to customary land without proving local customary law; succession governed by Deceased Estates Act.
  • Customary land — Limitation Act inapplicable without proof of local customary rules; succession to customary land governed by Deceased Estates (Wills, Inheritance and Protection) Act; allocation and long possession as evidence of customary ownership.
15 July 2024
Driver negligent; claimant partly contributorily negligent; liability apportioned 60% defendants, 40% claimant; insurer limited by policy.
  • Road traffic negligence — duty of care and lookout — narrow road and large vehicle — contributory negligence — apportionment 60/40 — vicarious liability of owner — insurer liability subject to policy limit (includes party-and-party costs).
15 July 2024
Court held statute (Insolvency Act) prevails over CPR; receiver appointment required notice, so enforcement suspended.
  • Appointment of receiver — Order 28 r.29 & r.30 CPR — s.78(1) Insolvency Act — conflict between statute and subsidiary rules — requirement of notice to company — service of statutory demand — procedural compliance with sworn statements — s.79 notification by receiver.
5 July 2024
June 2024
Court upheld Penal Code provisions criminalising certain same-sex sexual conduct and dismissed constitutionality challenges.
  • Constitutional law — Criminal law — Sections 153(a), 154, 156 Penal Code — Whether offences criminalising "carnal knowledge against the order of nature", attempts and male-on-male gross indecency violate rights to equality, privacy, dignity, personal liberty and fair trial — Interpretation of the Constitution — Scope of right to privacy — Presumption of constitutionality — Locus standi — Referral procedure for constitutional questions.
28 June 2024
Bail granted where the State failed to prove incomplete investigations or likelihood of witness intimidation justified continued detention.
  • Criminal procedure — Bail and release pending investigation — Constitutional right to release with or without bail (s.42) — State’s burden to show interests of justice — Incomplete investigations not, by themselves, a ground to deny bail — 48‑hour rule and police subject to court direction.
26 June 2024
Employee unfairly dismissed due to procedural bias and defective charges; awarded compensation, severance and notice pay.
  • Employment law — Unfair dismissal — Procedural fairness and natural justice — Investigator sitting on disciplinary panel (bias) — Insufficient particulars in charges — Employer’s burden to prove valid reason and act with justice and equity — Compensation and severance calculations — Bonus eligibility.
24 June 2024
A late application for security for costs was dismissed where claimant rebutted jurisdictional and asset concerns and delay made the order oppressive.
  • Security for costs — Order 32 CPR — residence and central management — assets and enforceability of costs — delay in bringing application — prospects of success — oppressive/stifling effect.
19 June 2024
No prima facie case: causation and trafficking (abuse of law/purpose) not proved; confessions limited in weight.
  • Criminal law — Prima facie case — Manslaughter (unlawful act/gross negligence) — Causation — Admissibility and weight of caution statements (s.176 CP&EC) — Trafficking in persons — Elements: act, means ("abuse of law"), purpose (exploitation) — Circumstantial evidence and identification parade reliability.
19 June 2024
Stay of execution upheld where registry-caused appeal delay and respondent’s concealment of related conviction negated discharge.
  • Forfeiture and stay of execution — application to discharge stay for alleged inordinate delay — duty of Registrar/Registry to prepare record of appeal — shortcomings in record not attributable to appellant — concealment of parallel money-laundering conviction involving same seized funds — discretion to refuse relief and award costs.
19 June 2024
Application for permission to apply for judicial review dismissed for failing to follow the correct procedural provisions.
  • Civil procedure — Judicial review — Procedure for seeking permission after High Court refusal — Supreme Court of Appeal Act s.8 and CPR 1998 Part 52.15 govern practice — Incorrect reliance on SCA s.7, Order II, or High Court Order 19 rules — Procedural incompetence warrants dismissal; interlocutory relief falls away.
14 June 2024
Whether a spouse’s omission to obtain urgent care plus toxicology and circumstantial evidence establish murder.
  • Criminal law — Murder: elements (death, unlawful act/omission, malice aforethought) — Circumstantial evidence and last-seen doctrine — Post-mortem toxicology and algor mortis — Omission by spouse to obtain urgent care as actus reus/mens rea — Admissibility/weight of caution statement.
6 June 2024
The claimant, a public‑servant officer, successfully challenged as unlawful the President’s appointment of an outsider above retirement age to head Immigration.
  • Administrative law — Judicial review — Locus standi — Appointment law — Immigration Act (s.3) v Public Service Act — Appointment must be from public service — Mandatory retirement (Public Service Act s.29) — Re‑engagement circular insufficient — Justiciability of statutory appointments.
6 June 2024
May 2024
DPP discontinuance under constitutional and procedural provisions led to immediate discharge, release from bail, and potential re-prosecution within six months.
  • Constitutional law — Director of Public Prosecutions' power to discontinue prosecutions (s99(2)(c)) — Criminal procedure (s77(1)(a)) — Effect of discontinuance: immediate discharge and release from bail — Non-bar to re-prosecution within six months — Duty to provide reasons to Legal Affairs Committee (s99(3)).
6 May 2024
Dismissal for negligently authorising suspect cheques and poor supervision was substantively and procedurally fair.
  • Employment law — unfair dismissal; supervisory duty and record-keeping in banking; negligence/recklessness in authorising cheques; procedural fairness in disciplinary hearings; discrimination and proportionality of dismissal.
3 May 2024
Appeal dismissed for lack of mandatory leave and lateness; review misuse condemned and stays discharged for prompt prosecution.
  • Criminal procedure — Appeals from High Court in criminal review — Mandatory requirement for leave under section 11(2) — Time limits for notice of appeal under section 17(1) — Misuse of review as substitute for appeal — Stays discharged and case remitted for directions.
2 May 2024
April 2024
Whether claimant proved title to the plot and whether the purchaser was a bona fide purchaser without notice.
  • Property law — proof of title: municipal offer/receipt and council confirmation as evidence; nemo dat principle; bona fide purchaser for value without notice — duty of due diligence and requirements; authentication of registry extracts and secondary documents.
24 April 2024
Intervenor’s request to stay and set aside a bail-forfeiture order dismissed; appeal and ordinary proceedings are the proper remedies.
  • Criminal procedure — Forfeiture of property deposited as bail security — Section 121 Criminal Procedure and Evidence Code; Stay of execution — High Court jurisdiction and final orders; Inherent jurisdiction — sparing invocation where appeal available; Financial Crimes Act — Preservation order notices (section 66) not applicable to bail forfeiture; Matrimonial property claims — rights enforceable by appropriate proceedings or appeal.
23 April 2024
Court awarded MK6,000,000 compensatory damages for defamation but declined exemplary damages for lack of malicious publication.
  • Defamation — libel for alleged robbery; compensatory damages awarded MK6,000,000 — exemplary damages refused for lack of malicious/guilty knowledge; claimant failed to prove pecuniary loss; damages must be pleaded and proved (Order 7 r.21); courts must balance reputation remedies with press freedom; UK personal-injury comparator not adopted.
19 April 2024
An admitted legal practitioner on the Roll must hold a valid practising licence to appear, and the abuse-of-office charge was time-barred under s302A.
  • Criminal procedure — Public prosecutors: distinction between "legally qualified" and "entitled to practice"; practising licence mandatory for admitted legal practitioners; LELPA s30(4). — Time limits: s302A CP&EC mandates commencement/completion timelines; failure to commence trial within 12 months discharges accused. — Pre-trial dismissal: summary dismissal of criminal charges is exceptional; insufficiency of evidence ordinarily tested after prosecution case.
19 April 2024
An informal union cannot be dissolved by divorce; the applicant must seek declaration of marriage by repute and ancillary reliefs.
  • Constitutional recognition of informal unions; Marriage, Divorce and Family Relations Act ss.12–13; marriage by repute/permanent cohabitation; declaratory jurisdiction to determine existence; ancillary reliefs (custody, maintenance, property) available after court finds such union; divorce proceedings inappropriate to dissolve non-formal unions.
18 April 2024
Marriages by repute cannot be dissolved via divorce petitions; seek declaratory finding and ancillary orders instead.
  • Family law — Marriage by repute or permanent cohabitation — Whether such unions can be dissolved by a court — Marriage, Divorce and Family Relations Act ss 12, 13
  • Civil procedure — Proper remedy for informal unions — Petition for divorce is inappropriate; seek declaratory finding and ancillary orders instead
18 April 2024
Applicants sought High Court review of magistrate’s bail refusal; Court dismissed for failure to meet high review threshold and wrong procedure.
  • Criminal procedure — High Court revisionary/supervisory jurisdiction (s.26 Courts Act; s.360 CP&EC) — Bail law — Bail Guidelines Act (Part II, s.4) — Prima facie assessment of prosecution evidence at bail stage — Exceptional threshold for review versus appeal/fresh application.
16 April 2024
Failure to disclose parallel proceedings and attempting collateral attack on another court's decision amounted to abuse of process; action struck out.
  • Civil procedure — Ex parte relief — Duty of full and frank disclosure of pending proceedings — Concurrent jurisdiction — Abuse of process — Action impermissible to challenge decisions of another court — Striking out and discharge of injunction; costs.
15 April 2024
A stay pending appeal requires a competent notice of appeal and leave to amend grounds; absent these, stay is denied.
  • Civil procedure — Stay of execution pending appeal — Competent notice of appeal required — Grounds of appeal cannot be amended without leave — Order I r18 SCAR is not the enabling provision for stay — Arguability and risk of nugatory appeal test.
12 April 2024
Conviction quashed after trial court improperly invoked s201 and prosecution failed to prove theft beyond reasonable doubt.
  • Criminal appeal — theft (s278 Penal Code) — prima facie case at close of prosecution — trial court powers under s201 CP&EC — s201 invoked sparingly, parties to be notified — judicial impartiality and forum choice — improper calling of witness after defence; evidence struck out — conviction unsafe; quashed.
12 April 2024
Conviction on guilty plea confirmed for obtaining by false pretences; maximum sentence set aside and reduced to 30 months.
  • Criminal law — Obtaining by false pretences (s.319 Penal Code) — Confirmation of conviction on plea — Sentencing: maximum penalty reserved for worst offences — Registrar and jurisdictional duties under Courts Act s.6A and Practice Direction No.1 of 2023.
12 April 2024
Retrospective application of the FCA was found by necessary implication but did not violate constitutional protections against conviction for non-offences.
  • Constitutional law — retrospectivity of statutes — Financial Crimes Act section 42 vs repealed MLA section 35 — interpretation of saving provision section 141(2) FCA — right not to be convicted for non-existent offence and protection against harsher retrospective penalties — procedural commencement via constitutional referral (Order 19 CPR).
10 April 2024