All courts - 2015

72 judgments
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Results. 72 judgments found.

72 judgments
December 2015
Appellate court declines to disturb magistrate’s fair distribution of matrimonial property; appeal dismissed.
  • Family law — Matrimonial property — Division of assets — Appeal by rehearing — Appellate interference with magistrate’s factual and discretionary distribution of matrimonial property.
21 December 2015
Property acquired during a customary marriage is family property; indirect contributions justify equitable distribution.
  • Matrimonial property distribution — Customary marriage — Recognition of direct and indirect contributions (domestic labour and assistance in family enterprises) — Family estate not matrimonial property — Application of constitutional protections (s.22, s.24(1)).
21 December 2015
Distress without a written warrant can be lawful; plaintiff failed to prove illegal eviction, trespass or conversion.
  • Property Law
    • — Distress for Rent — Requirement of Warrant of Distress and Notice — Authority of Sheriff and Legality of Distress
    • — Eviction — Writ of Possession and Repossession — Ratification by Acceptance of Keys
  • Tort — Trespass and Conversion — Seizure of Tools of Trade/Passport/Cash — Burden of Proof and Failure to Call Witnesses
17 December 2015
Pursuing identical relief in trial and appellate courts is an abuse of process and can bar restoration of bail.
  • Criminal Procedure — Bail — Restoration of bail after revocation — Change of circumstances and medical grounds
  • Civil Procedure — Abuse of process — Concurrent applications/appeals in trial and appellate courts — Court will defer to appellate determination
17 December 2015
Unopposed affidavits established defendant's trespass; court granted originating summons and costs.
  • Property Law — Trespass to Land — Whether unopposed affidavits in originating summons suffice to establish encroachment — Evidence and costs
15 December 2015
Assessment of damages for plaintiff bitten by defendant's dogs; court awarded K7,000,000 plus costs.
  • Personal injury — assessment of damages — dog-bite injuries — pain and suffering; loss of amenities of life; disfigurement — use of comparative awards to fix quantum.
14 December 2015
Claimant’s long delay and refusal to pay revaluation barred specific performance; defendant validly rescinded sale and evicted.
  • Contract — Sale of Land — Time of the Essence — Waiver, Notice and Laches
  • Property Law — Registered Land — Vendor’s Lien and Overriding Interests — Effect of Registration on Seller’s Rights
14 December 2015
High Court dismissed IRC appeal for failing to raise any question of law or jurisdiction under section 65(2) LRA.
  • Labour law — Appeal from Industrial Relations Court — s.65(2) Labour Relations Act — appeal limited to questions of law or jurisdiction — High Court will not re-appraise factual findings or admit new issues on appeal — pension fund transfer dispute.
7 December 2015
Interlocutory injunction refused where plaintiff failed to establish a good arguable claim of delayed disbursement.
  • Civil Procedure — Interlocutory Injunction — American Cynamid / Malawi Mobile test — Requirement of a good arguable claim and balance of convenience
  • Contract — Delay in Disbursement — Allegations must be supported by clear contractual evidence
4 December 2015
2 December 2015
November 2015
Delay warned in contract; no breach where time not of the essence, so damages claim dismissed.
  • Contract Law — Performance — Time Not Of The Essence — Reasonable Time Where No Specified Time — Burden To Prove Unreasonable Delay
29 November 2015
Distinct partial incapacities may be aggregated under section 9 of the Workers Compensation Act; appeal allowed.
  • Labour Law — Workers Compensation — Aggregation of multiple permanent partial incapacities under s9 of the Workers Compensation Act
  • Civil Procedure — Appeal from Worker Compensation Commissioner — Commissioner not a required party and limited role once matter is appealed
  • Evidence/Medical Assessment — Distinct injuries assessed by different specialists — Necessity to itemise Schedule injuries on medical forms
26 November 2015
A utility lawfully disconnecting for unpaid bills does not commit trespass or defamation absent proof of prior payment.
  • Tort
    • — Trespass to Land — Entry and disconnection under statutory authority — Water Works Act s 15(d)
    • — Defamation — Justification (truth) as a defence to alleged reputational harm from service disconnection
  • Civil Procedure — Pleading and Evidence — Negligence not entertained when unpleaded and no actionable damage proved
26 November 2015
Claimant failed to prove on balance of probabilities that beverage contamination occurred during manufacture; claim dismissed.
  • Tort
    • — Product Liability — Manufacturer's duty to ultimate consumer where product reaches consumer sealed and unexamined
    • — Causation and Proof — Necessity to prove defect existed at manufacture or while under manufacturer's control; need to show bottle was sealed
  • Civil Procedure — Joinder — Unclear justification for joining insurer where claimant lacks privity
25 November 2015
Decree nisi granted where petitioner proved respondent's serial adultery; jurisdiction established and costs awarded.
  • Family law — Divorce — Jurisdiction (domicile) under s.2 Divorce Act — Adultery as ground for divorce — Undefended petition and unchallenged evidence — Decree nisi and costs awarded.
16 November 2015
Court corrected its omission and held the respondent entitled to compound interest at the contractual rate, dismissing the applicant's simple-interest request.
  • Civil procedure — correction of clerical mistake (Order 20 rule 11) — Interest — contractual rate (2% above prime or maximum permitted) — simple versus compound interest — commercial transactions; compound interest recoverable where contract silent.
2 November 2015
October 2015
30 October 2015
Chief Justice recused for reasonable apprehension of bias and ceded certification power under inherent jurisdiction.
  • Constitutional procedure — Certification of constitutional proceedings — Whether Chief Justice may certify after prior involvement in related inquiry
  • Judicial bias — Recusal — Reasonable apprehension of bias where a judge previously chaired an inquiry into matters before the court
  • Inherent jurisdiction — Delegation of statutory power — Ceding Chief Justice’s certification authority to another judge in the interests of justice
28 October 2015
An original court must formally determine necessity of referral before submitting Form 3 to the Chief Justice for certification.
  • Constitutional Law — Referral Procedure — Whether original court must make formal determination before submitting Form 3 to Chief Justice for certification — Courts Act s 9(2),(3); Rules 3(1), 8(1)
28 October 2015
26 October 2015
Appeal dismissed for vague, non‑compliant grounds of appeal; costs awarded to respondent.
  • Civil Procedure — Appeals — Grounds of Appeal — Compliance with Order III r 2(2),(3),(4) — Vagueness, failure to state law/fact, excessive narrative — Power to strike out
  • Civil Evidence — Appellate Review — Weight of evidence and witness credibility — Appellate restraint absent clear misdirection
20 October 2015
Registration of a vehicle creates a rebuttable presumption of ownership which may be displaced by uncontradicted evidence of prior sale.
  • Tort — Motor vehicle negligence — Ownership presumption arising from registration and its rebuttal
  • Evidence — Hearsay and admissibility — Reliance on uncontradicted employee testimony to prove prior sale
  • Procedure — Third‑party notice — Effect of third parties’ failure to plead or appear
13 October 2015
In customary marriages matrimonial property may be "held jointly" despite registration in one spouse’s name and should be fairly divided under the Constitution.
  • Family Law
    • — Matrimonial Property — Customary marriage — Fair disposal and joint holding under Constitution s 24(1)(b)(i)
    • — Maintenance and Property — Interaction of s 24(1)(b)(ii) maintenance obligations with property distribution
7 October 2015
Whether the respondent’s report amounted to laying a charge, giving rise to false imprisonment and defamation, but not malicious prosecution.
  • False imprisonment — distinction between reporting a crime and laying a charge; Defamation — false statement, publication and reputational injury; Malicious prosecution — requirement of procuring/procurement, absence of malice and probable cause; Civil burden of proof — balance of probabilities.
7 October 2015
September 2015
An unexplained two‑year delay defeats an application to appeal out of time under section 349(4).
  • Criminal Procedure
    • — Appeals Out Of Time — Meaning Of "Good Cause" Under Section 349(4) — Requirements For Condonation
    • — Judicial Discretion — Refusal Of Extension Despite Delay — Inordinate Unexplained Delay
29 September 2015
Whether an exclusion clause signed by the consumer can bar negligence claims and the effect of the Consumer Protection Act.
  • Contract Law — Exclusion Clauses — Incorporation by signature or notice — Effect on liability for negligence
  • Consumer Protection — Statutory control of contract terms — Section 8(3) invalidating clauses that exempt supplier liability
  • Civil Procedure — Appellate scope — Whether appellate court may apply unargued statute that is dispositive of an appeal
9 September 2015
Appeals to the High Court from the Industrial Relations Court are limited to questions of law or jurisdiction; factual appeals are not permitted.
  • Labour Relations Act s65 — Appeals from Industrial Relations Court to High Court limited to questions of law or jurisdiction; findings of fact final; factual appeals dismissed.
4 September 2015
Court imposed 11 years’ imprisonment (consecutive) for massive money laundering and conspiracy despite plea, cooperation and restitution.
  • Economic crimes — Money laundering and conspiracy to defraud — Large-scale public fund embezzlement — Weight of guilty plea, cooperation and restitution in mitigation — Consecutive versus concurrent sentences — Sentencing triad: culpability, offender circumstances, public interest.
4 September 2015
A consent order prescribing an agreed manner of tax payment binds the tax authority; a retrospective lien without statutory basis is unlawful.
  • Civil procedure — Consent orders binding and estoppel; Tax law — creation and effect of tax liens (Taxation Act s.107A); Lien requires neglect/refusal to pay and statutory filing; Commissioner’s discretion to accept alternative payment arrangements.
1 September 2015
High Court may only hear Industrial Relations Court appeals on questions of law or jurisdiction; factual appeals are dismissed.
  • Labour Relations Act s65(2) — appeals from Industrial Relations Court limited to questions of law or jurisdiction — factual and evidential findings by Industrial Relations Court final and binding — High Court may not re-examine internal disciplinary procedure or factual determinations.
1 September 2015
August 2015
Immediate termination was unfair where the employer failed to rely on contractual quality reports and produced unreliable evidence.
  • Contract
    • — Implied Terms — No general duty of good faith implied by law into all commercial contracts in this jurisdiction
    • — Termination — Unilateral termination for breach must be for a fundamental breach and exercised fairly — Evidence should include contractual monitoring records (weekly quality reports)
30 August 2015
High Court set aside magistrate’s estate distribution for lack of jurisdiction and appointed the Administrator General to administer the estate.
  • Deceased estates — Jurisdiction of subordinate courts limited to 'small estates' (≤ K1,000,000) — Magistrate exceeded jurisdiction by distributing larger estate; jurisdiction can be raised on appeal; Administrator General appointed as receiver of letters of administration under s23.
28 August 2015
21 August 2015
The appellant's theft-by-servant conviction was set aside for unsafe reliance on stock shortages and defective charging.
  • Criminal law — theft by servant — stock shortages — circumstantial evidence — exclusive control and access — alternative explanations — illicit enrichment requirement — inadmissible hearsay — defective omnibus charging.
20 August 2015
Sentencing may proceed while confiscation/penalty applications are postponed, but confiscation (in rem) and pecuniary penalties (in personam) are treated differently and procedural safeguards apply.
  • Money laundering — MLA: confiscation order is in rem against tainted property; pecuniary penalty/payment-in-lieu is in personam and punitive; Section 51(2) permits deferral of confiscation/penalty proceedings; sentencing and confiscation largely separate but procedural safeguards required when proceedings are postponed; disclosure order for bank cheque images.
3 August 2015
July 2015
The respondent cannot unilaterally declare a strike illegal or withhold pay; only the IRC or High Court may do so.
  • Labour Law
    • — Strike Procedures — Jurisdiction to declare strike illegal — Labour Relations Act ss44–46 — Industrial Relations Court/High Court determination
    • — Administrative Action — Ultra vires declaration and Wednesbury unreasonableness — Employer’s unilateral sanctioning of striking employees
    • — Disciplinary Procedure — Deduction/withholding of wages for absenteeism — Requirement for lawful basis and individual right to be heard (Employment Act s56)
27 July 2015
Applicant lacked sufficient interest to challenge the authority’s reopening of licence negotiations and appointment decisions.
  • Administrative law — Judicial review — Standing/Sufficient interest to seek review — Applicant’s operational capacity versus licensed network operator
  • Communications law — Licensing — Individual versus general licence — Voice telephony and requirement for individual licence under s 18(3)(a) of the Communications Act
23 July 2015
Court set aside a single‑judge stay of execution where appellant failed to show special circumstances or realistic prospects of success.
  • Civil Procedure — Stay of Execution — Whether stay pending appeal should be granted where judgment debtor alleges insolvency and contested payments — Balance of convenience, special circumstances, prospects of success
  • Court Powers — Single Member Decisions — Variation or discharge under Section 7(b) Supreme Court of Appeal Act
  • Appeal Procedure — Enforcement pending appeal — Deference to trial court findings after full trial and heavier burden on appellant to obtain stay
15 July 2015
Court refused to strike out the defence, ordering defendants to amend inconsistent pleadings rather than dismissing them.
  • Civil procedure — Order 18 r.19 (strike out/amend pleadings) — discretionary power sparingly exercised — triable issues (contributory negligence) preclude striking out; inconsistent/embarrassing pleadings to be amended; Order 2 r.1 curative power.
13 July 2015
A pre-judgment compromise ousts the appeal; the consent order must be entered though triable mortgage issues persist.
  • Civil Procedure — Settlement and Consent Orders — Effect of pre-judgment compromise on appellate jurisdiction and duty to enter consent order
  • Mortgage Law — Power of Sale — Whether mortgagee’s power had become exercisable; duties of good faith and obtaining fair market price
  • Interim Relief — Injunction Pending Appeal — Test for grant where appellant lost at first instance: triable issues, adequacy of damages, and balance of convenience
8 July 2015
Magistrate court lacked jurisdiction over leased farm land; judgment set aside and land vested in appellant pending High Court proceedings.
  • Civil procedure — Jurisdiction — Subordinate magistrate courts — Section 39(2)(a) Courts Act — Land comprising a leased farm — Proceedings void for lack of jurisdiction — Judgment set aside; interim vesting of land in appellant pending High Court determination.
2 July 2015
June 2015
30 June 2015
A two-month delay in seeking to set aside a default judgment was held inordinate; merits did not justify relief.
  • Civil procedure — setting aside default judgment — promptness and reasonable time; merits of defence insufficient where delay is inordinate; two-month delay held inexcusable.
15 June 2015
15 June 2015
Plaintiff’s tort claims for false imprisonment and malicious prosecution dismissed where police acted on reasonable suspicion and defendant only assisted investigations.
  • Civil Law —  Tort
    • — False Imprisonment — Liability where private party provides information to police; distinction between mere assistance and initiating arrest
    • — Malicious Prosecution — Requirement of lack of reasonable and probable cause and proof of malice; effect of initial conviction on reasonable cause
9 June 2015
Plaintiffs failed to prove negligent overtaking; prior criminal conviction held inadmissible in the civil proceedings.
  • Tort — Road Traffic — Negligent Overtaking and Causation — Proof on Balance of Probabilities
  • Evidence — Previous Criminal Conviction in Civil Proceedings — Inadmissibility under Common Law (Hollingworth v Hewthorn)
  • Procedure — Applicability of UK Civil Evidence Act 1968 / Rule 18(7A) — Not Part of Malawi's Received Law
1 June 2015
May 2015
Commercial Division lacked jurisdiction; Limitation Act is a defence only; respondent failed to prove adverse possession.
  • Civil Procedure
    • — Jurisdiction — Competence of Commercial Division to hear non‑commercial land disputes — Order 1 r.4(2) High Court (Commercial Division) Rules — s.108 Constitution
    • — Originating Summons — Unsuitable where there are substantial disputes of fact; parties should be ordered to proceed by writ
  • Property Law — Adverse Possession — Whether an encroacher may sue to acquire title under Limitation Act — Limitation Act s.6; established requirement of factual possession and animus possidendi
31 May 2015
A missing trial record does not bar sentence re-hearing; death sentence inappropriate where material circumstances remain uncertain.
  • Homicide sentence re-hearing — Missing or destroyed trial record — Court may proceed to re-sentence; s.260 CP&EC permits receiving external evidence to inform sentence — Cannot challenge conviction on re-hearing — Death sentence inappropriate where material circumstances uncertain — Youth, first offender status and time served as mitigating factors.
31 May 2015
Court varied property award to recognise non-financial contributions, upheld instalment payment for village house, and maintained children’s maintenance order.
  • Family law — Divorce and ancillary orders — Fair distribution of matrimonial property — recognition of non-financial contributions; maintenance orders — assessment by reference to payer’s means and children’s best interests; instalment payments justified where payer lacks means; appellate review limited without fresh evidence.
20 May 2015
Statutory pre-trial detention limits do not strip courts of constitutional discretion to refuse bail in the interests of justice.
  • Constitutional supremacy — pre-trial custody time limits (Sections 161G & 161I C.P. & E.C.) do not displace Section 42(2)(e) 'interests of justice' bail discretion; post-expiry bail applications remain discretionary; prior escape and lengthy evasion justify refusal as flight risk; State negligence in prosecuting may trigger conditional release.
18 May 2015