Malawi Supreme Court of Appeal - 2010

26 judgments
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Results. 26 judgments found.

26 judgments
December 2010
Failure to prosecute appeal and lack of good reasons warranted refusal of extension of time; appellant bears primary duty to prepare record.
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2 December 2010
November 2010
Where allegations are serious and accounts conflict, employers must afford an employee a meaningful hearing, often an oral one with opportunity to confront witnesses.
  • Employment law — Right to be heard — Section 57(2) Employment Act — Oral hearing not always required but necessary where allegations are serious and evidence is contradictory — Opportunity to confront and cross-examine witnesses — Procedural unfairness and unfair dismissal.
24 November 2010
Whether dismissal for alleged theft was fair despite the accuser not being called at the disciplinary hearing.
  • Employment law — dismissal for theft — corroborative documentary evidence (meter readings) — procedural fairness and right to confront accuser — section 59(1)(a) summary dismissal — section 61(2) equity.
11 November 2010
Fresh evidence proving company’s public status admitted on appeal where necessary for justice and where counsel misled the trial court.
  • Fresh evidence on appeal — Order III r.24 — two limbs (broad discretion for furtherance of justice; narrower post-decision facts limb) — relationship to Ladd v
  • Marshall — admissibility of company documents filed with Registrar — effect of counsel’s misleading conduct
10 November 2010
Possession gives locus standi in trespass; trespass and assault upheld, but damages substantially reduced on appeal.
  • Company law — separate legal personality; Possession as locus standi in trespass; Trespass to land — unauthorised interference with possession; Public right of way defence — requirement to plead and prove; Assault — liability of agents/employees; Appellate review of damages — re-assessment where award is manifestly excessive.
3 November 2010
October 2010
Leave to appeal out of time refused where proposed appeal lacked prospects and vehicle-damage claim had no evidential basis.
  • Employment law — unlawful dismissal for polygamous marriage — distinction between criminal prohibition (s.5) and unfair dismissal remedies (s.58, s.63) — leave to appeal out of time—prospects of success—damages for employee's motor vehicle; remoteness and nexus.
13 October 2010
Whether a time‑limited ex‑parte injunction lapses without inter‑partes application, and whether affixation service under Order 10 r 4 is valid.
  • Civil procedure — ex‑parte interlocutory injunction — effect of time‑limited ex‑parte orders and requirement to apply inter‑partes; equity (clean hands) not a substitute for procedural non‑compliance
  • Service — Order 10 r 4 affixation to land is exceptional and requires prior court/Registrar authorisation; irregular service may be irregular but not necessarily nullifying (Order 2 r 1)
  • Property — possession, trespass and propriety of prohibitory injunctions
12 October 2010
Appeal against compensation for unfair dismissal dismissed; appellate court will not disturb discretionary 15-month award absent perversity.
  • Employment law — Unfair dismissal — Compensation under section 63 of the Employment Act — Judicial discretion in awarding compensation — Factors: immediate and future loss, mitigation, age, fitness, qualifications, and contributory conduct — Appellate restraint in disturbing discretionary awards.
12 October 2010
Extension of time to appeal refused for inordinate delay; change of counsel is not sufficient cause.
  • Civil procedure — Extension of time to appeal — Application dismissed for inordinate delay (over one year); change of counsel/new advice not good cause; Order 1 r.4 SCA Rules; s.23 SCA Act; amendment applications reserved for full panel.
8 October 2010
September 2010
Whether an agent properly joined could withhold sale proceeds as set-off, and whether an enforcement order unlawfully excluded its liability.
  • Joinder of parties — Proper joinder of agent to enable determination of entitlement to sale proceeds; Set-off and agency — Agent’s authority and unlawful retention of sale proceeds; Enforcement of judgment — Subsequent enforcement order cannot vary prior substantive ruling to exclude liable party; Interest on withheld funds — entitlement and assessment.
15 September 2010
Affixing a writ under Order 10 r 4 without prior application is irregular; respondent’s possession and prohibitory injunction upheld.
  • Civil procedure — Service of writ for possession — Order 10 r 4 (service by affixing) requires prior application and court/registrar satisfaction; exception to personal service. Irregularity v nullity — Order 21 r 1. Trespass to land — possession vs title; customary land not transferable by private sale
  • Injunctions — prohibitory injunction appropriate to preserve status quo ante
1 September 2010
July 2010
Respondent bank breached its contractual duty by failing to register its charge and timely complete transfer, causing applicant loss.
  • Contract law — sale by auction — Conditions of Sale and Acceptance — purchaser acquires equitable interest pending conveyance; Conveyancing — obligation of vendor/bank to obtain government consent and effect transfer; Land law/statutory procedure — registration of charge and compliance with Adjudication of Title Act; Causation and damages — failure to register charge and undue delay causing purchaser's loss; Appeal — appellate interference where lower court findings contrary to weight of evidence.
27 July 2010
Appeals against costs-only orders require leave; appeals improperly brought and lacking leave were dismissed for want of jurisdiction.
  • Civil procedure — Appeal against costs-only order — Leave required from court below — Scherer principle where judge failed to exercise judicial discretion; Procedural competence — challenging earlier jurisdictional directions must be appealed within time or by leave.
27 July 2010
A subsequent challenge to a sale under a charge was barred by res judicata; fraud or absence do not justify fresh proceedings.
  • Civil procedure — res judicata (cause of action estoppel) — same parties, same issue, same subject matter — new facts/fraud must be raised by setting aside or appeal — absent party with filed defence and skeleton arguments does not necessarily render judgment a default.
8 July 2010
An absent party should ordinarily apply to the trial court to set aside a default judgment; Court of Appeal may only in exceptional cases hear a direct appeal.
  • Civil procedure — Default judgment — Order 35 r.2(1) — Application to set aside judgment — Preferred procedure is application to trial court (preferably trial judge) — Court of Appeal’s discretion to hear direct appeal in appropriate cases — Direct appeal inappropriate where vital evidence not before trial court.
1 July 2010
June 2010
Respondent granted leave to amend notice; appellant's murder appeal dismissed—provocation failed and death sentence upheld.
  • Civil procedure — amendment of respondent’s notice to affirm and vary — Order III r 13(1) — test for leave to amend: issues not on pleadings, absence of supporting evidence, or prejudice — pleadings and lower court findings relevant. Criminal law — murder — partial defence of provocation — sufficiency of evidence and jury direction; sentencing — discretion in imposing death and aggravating conduct warranting capital sentence
30 June 2010
A bona fide purchaser who acquired registered land under court authorisation is protected from seizure absent evidence of dissipation.
  • Property law — Registered land — Proprietor's rights after court‑authorised sale — Protection under s.25 Registered Land Act; seizure and freezing orders — requirement of evidence of dissipation; ex parte applications — duty to disclose material facts; delay and prejudice to bona fide purchaser.
30 June 2010
Whether provocation or mitigation justified overturning the applicant's murder conviction or avoiding the death sentence.
  • Criminal law — Murder — Partial defence of provocation — Whether evidence supported provocation and adequacy of jury directions; Sentencing — Death penalty — Mandatory death sentences unconstitutional; sentencing discretion required but death appropriate where conduct is particularly aggravated.
30 June 2010
Appellant lacked locus standi and failed to prove Estate ownership; respondents in possession entitled to succeed on trespass counterclaim.
  • Property law — possession and trespass — determination of superior possession as basis for title dispute; Company/contract law — interpretation of purchaser in Asset Sale and Purchase Agreement ("Mulli Brothers" v. alleged subsidiary) and effect on locus standi; Evidence — weight of administrative determinations (District Commissioner) and absence of title deeds; Counterclaim — trespass and damages sustained by occupants.
23 June 2010
Application for stay of execution dismissed; recognition of a validly elected Leader would not render the appeal nugatory.
  • Civil procedure — Stay of execution pending appeal — Preliminary procedural objections — Clean hands doctrine — Whether appeal rendered nugatory by recognition of a validly elected Leader of the Opposition under Standing Order 3(3).
10 June 2010
April 2010
The applicant’s request for a stay pending appeal was refused for lack of compelling reasons; High Court orders compel lawful reconsideration, not automatic licence renewal.
  • Civil procedure — Stay of execution — Exceptional relief requiring compelling reasons to prevent irreparable harm; Administrative law — Judicial review — Quashing of licence refusals for Wednesbury unreasonableness; Remedy — Orders requiring lawful reconsideration, not automatic licence renewals.
28 April 2010
Restriction and seizure under anti-corruption law may be justified to preserve assets, but authorities must prosecute promptly.
  • Corrupt Practices Act s.23 — Restriction notices and renewals; s.23A seizure orders; evidential burden on applicant to show lawful acquisition; protective purpose of restraint and seizure; constitutional protection against arbitrary deprivation; duty to prosecute expeditiously.
26 April 2010
A 13‑month delay in filing notice of appeal is inordinate; stay of execution cannot be granted absent a pending appeal.
  • Civil procedure — extension/enlargement of time to appeal — Order III rule 4 — must show good and substantial reasons and prima facie grounds; inordinate delay (13 months) fatal. Civil procedure — stay of execution — requires an appeal pending; stay improper where leave to appeal out of time has been refused
  • Property — bona fide purchaser and non‑dissipation — freezing/seizure unjustified
25 April 2010
January 2010
Risk of irrevocable loss of sole residence justified a stay of execution pending appeal due to special circumstances.
  • Civil procedure — Stay of execution pending appeal — Special circumstances required — Risk of appeal being rendered nugatory — Specific performance and mortgage over sole residence — Backdated/onerous mortgage terms — Inhibition order — Costs in the cause
19 January 2010
Unretracted caution statements and witness evidence sufficiently supported the jury's murder convictions; appeal dismissed.
  • Criminal law — murder — weight of evidence — jury verdict — unchallenged/retracted caution statements — accused's silence — appellate interference — sufficiency of evidence (Kafwambila principle).
13 January 2010
Minister’s abuse of office conviction for bypassing procurement procedures upheld; finding of personal gain set aside and sentences reduced.
  • Criminal law — Abuse of office (s.95 Penal Code) — Minister as public officer — Procurement procedures — Letter of intent treated as binding — No evidence of personal gain — Sentencing: maximum penalty excessive, reduction of sentence.
13 January 2010