Malawi Supreme Court of Appeal

379 judgments
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Results. 379 judgments found.

379 judgments
May 2026
Court vacated interlocutory stay challenging DPP discontinuation, finding no risk of irreparable harm to preserve the appeal.
  • Constitutional law — Prosecutorial discretion — Whether the Director of Public Prosecutions is bound by recommendations of the Legal Affairs Committee of Parliament
  • Civil procedure
    • — Judicial review — Leave to apply for judicial review and discharge of leave — Whether a negative order discharging leave necessitates a stay of execution
    • — Stay of execution — Discretionary relief — Requirement to show risk of irreparable harm or that appeal would be rendered nugatory
13 May 2026
SCA may hear stay pending High Court appeal and substituted a MK200,000,000 bank guarantee for 75% upfront payment.
  • Civil procedure — Stay of execution — Stay pending appeal — Jurisdiction of Supreme Court to entertain stay applications concurrent with High Court — Protection of interests where large awards involved
  • Constitutional law — Access to courts and equality — Right to effective remedy and non-discrimination — Limits on jurisdictional exclusion of applicants
12 May 2026
April 2026
Production of official electoral documents raises a prima facie case, shifting evidential burden to the electoral commission; failure to explain irregularities voids the election.
  • Electoral law
    • — Evidence — Burden of proof as to authenticity of statutory electoral documents — Production of Form 18B raises prima facie case and shifts evidential burden to electoral commission
    • — Conduct of elections — Recording and authentication requirements — Irregularities affecting figures/words and signatures vitiate election — Elections Act s101(3)(b)
28 April 2026
January 2026
13 January 2026
May 2025
Whether long-serving casual workers were employees and whether they proved discrimination and entitlement to enhanced benefits.
  • Labour law — employee v independent contractor — totality of relationship test (control, integration, economic dependence, length of service, employer's treatment) — procedural compliance with Practice Direction No.1 of 2010 — discrimination claims require proof of prohibited ground under Constitution s.20 — costs in appellate labour matters discretionary.
3 May 2025
June 2024
Application for permission to apply for judicial review dismissed for failing to follow the correct procedural provisions.
  • Civil procedure — Judicial review — Procedure for seeking permission after High Court refusal — Supreme Court of Appeal Act s.8 and CPR 1998 Part 52.15 govern practice — Incorrect reliance on SCA s.7, Order II, or High Court Order 19 rules — Procedural incompetence warrants dismissal; interlocutory relief falls away.
14 June 2024
April 2024
A stay pending appeal requires a competent notice of appeal and leave to amend grounds; absent these, stay is denied.
  • Civil procedure — Stay of execution pending appeal — Competent notice of appeal required — Grounds of appeal cannot be amended without leave — Order I r18 SCAR is not the enabling provision for stay — Arguability and risk of nugatory appeal test.
12 April 2024
An inchoate judgment is not appealable, so a stay pending appeal was dismissed; the preliminary objection was procedurally defective.
  • Civil procedure — Preliminary objections — procedural compliance and minimum notice; Inchoate judgments — part of relief reserved for later assessment; Appealability — inchoate judgments not appealable; Stay of execution pending appeal — incompetent when judgment is inchoate.
10 April 2024
March 2024
Leave and extension granted to challenge sentencing disparity; bail pending appeal refused.
  • Criminal procedure — Leave to appeal and extension of time — Sentencing uniformity between co-accused — Bail pending appeal — Supervisory nature and limits of High Court criminal review.
15 March 2024
Court refuses anti‑arbitration injunction, sanctions non‑disclosure in ex‑parte proceedings, and enforces arbitration agreements.
  • Civil procedure
    • — Interlocutory jurisdiction — Applicability of Order I Rule 18; SCA jurisdiction only triggered where same application and material was first refused in High Court
    • — Ex‑parte relief — Duty of full and frank disclosure; failure to disclose prior court directions justifies setting aside order
  • Arbitration law — Anti‑arbitration injunctions — Courts should respect arbitration agreements and refrain from granting anti‑arbitration injunctions except in limited cases (fraud, impartiality)
14 March 2024
14‑day deadline for skeleton arguments runs from filing the record of appeal in this Court; stay of execution maintained and application dismissed.
  • Civil procedure — stay of execution — Practice Direction No.1 of 2010 — 14‑day period for skeleton arguments runs from filing of record of appeal in Supreme Court of Appeal; non‑compliance may be waived or time enlarged; balance of justice and preservation of jurisdiction guide discharge of stay.
14 March 2024
February 2024
Application to vacate stay dismissed for lack of SCA jurisdiction due to absence of a pending or contemplated appeal.
  • Appellate jurisdiction — Order I Rule 18 SCA Rules — stay of execution — requirement of a pending or contemplated appeal — inchoate appeal — judicial review precedents not a jurisdictional cure.
29 February 2024
Summary judgment was reversed and remitted where pleadings raised triable issues; defective and unnotified grounds were struck or expunged.
  • Civil procedure — Summary judgment/judgment on admissions — Only appropriate where no defence and no triable issues on pleadings; Procedural compliance — obligation to file skeleton arguments, list of authorities and authorities — failure may justify denial of audience and refusal of extension; Appeals — Grounds of appeal must comply with form and notice requirements — defective grounds may be struck or expunged.
27 February 2024
January 2024
Where no appeal is pending, the SCA will not entertain fresh injunction applications; section 4 and 10 bar relief against government.
  • Civil procedure — jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Appeal to hear original interlocutory applications; Order 1 r.18 and s.7 SCA Act; distress for rent — adequacy of damages; injunctions against Government/public officers — s.10 and mandatory pre‑suit notice under s.4; equitable relief and clean hands rule.
11 January 2024
This Court lacked jurisdiction under Order I r18 to grant a stay of an IRC award governed by section 65(3) of the Labour Relations Act.
  • Labour Relations Act s65(3) — stay of execution — concurrent jurisdiction of IRC and High Court — Order I r18 SCA Rules — limits of Supreme Court of Appeal jurisdiction — requirement of statutory conferment of jurisdiction.
10 January 2024
Interlocutory application dismissed for being improperly filed and premature without exhausting internal party dispute-resolution mechanisms.
  • Political party disputes — justiciability; exhaustion of internal remedies (Article 18) before judicial intervention; Supreme Court of Appeal jurisdiction — improper reliance on s.7 and Order I r.18; interlocutory judgments and appealability under s.21; interlocutory injunctions — procedural prematurity.
3 January 2024
December 2023
SCA application dismissed for lack of jurisdiction and for failing to first pursue the required Court below proceedings.
  • Supreme Court of Appeal jurisdiction — Section 7 SCA Act — Order 1 Rule 18 SCA Rules — requirement to apply first to Court below — disguised appeal — inherent jurisdiction not a substitute for procedural compliance.
22 December 2023
Single-member court refused an ex parte stay where the lower court had not refused and the affidavit lacked disclosure.
  • Civil procedure — Order 1 r18 — application must first be made to court below; adjournment ≠ refusal; ex parte applications — duty of full disclosure; inadmissible hearsay; powers of single member under section 7 of the Supreme Court of Appeal Act.
13 December 2023
Refusal of leave for judicial review is not appealable; a stay pending appeal requires the correct enabling provisions and procedure.
  • Civil procedure — Stay pending appeal — Enabling provisions — Section 7 Supreme Court of Appeal Act — Order I r18 SCA Rules — Part 52.16 CPR — Refusal of leave for judicial review not appealable; remedy is to reapply to a single member — Stay against enforcement requires Part 54.12/Order 19 r20.
12 December 2023
November 2023
Application dismissed for failing Order I, rule 18 and for inordinate delay; costs awarded against the applicants.
  • Procedure — Order I, rule 18 SCA Rules — concurrent jurisdiction — same application must be first made to court below; delay and introduction of post‑order facts bar relief. Civil procedure — stay of execution/payment into court — discretionary, requires good grounds (risk of dissipation, non‑recovery). Labour law — section 72 LRA limits IRC’s power to award costs but does not preclude High Court/SCA awarding costs on appeals
  • Costs — appellate courts have discretion to award costs in labour appeals
10 November 2023
Delay and applicants’ failure to mitigate justified refusal of extension, dismissal of judicial review permission, and refusal of stay.
  • Judicial review — permission to apply — extension of time — unjustified 16‑month delay and failure to mitigate — forum misstated; matters better determined at trial — refusal of interlocutory stay of criminal proceedings.
10 November 2023
Applicants’ 16‑month delay and failure to mitigate precluded extension; issues suited to trial court, so judicial review application dismissed.
  • Judicial review — permission to apply; extension of time — 3‑month rule; interlocutory stay of criminal proceedings; delay attributable to applicant/counsel; appropriateness of judicial review versus trial court remedy.
10 November 2023
October 2023
Application for leave to seek judicial review dismissed for inordinate delay and lack of arguable legal interest.
  • Judicial review — leave to apply — extension of time — inordinate delay — locus standi/legal interest — alternative remedies under Financial Services Act — procedural fairness and merits of administrative decision.
23 October 2023
Security-for-costs order in a labour appeal set aside because section 72 bars costs and such security would be futile.
  • Labour law — costs — section 72 Labour Relations Act proscribing costs in Industrial Relations Court and on appeal — security for costs — Supreme Court discretion under section 22 of the Supreme Court of Appeal Act and Rules — ex parte security-for-costs order set aside as futile.
23 October 2023
Bail pending appeal denied—no exceptional circumstances and court declined to resolve appeal merits at bail stage.
  • Criminal law — Bail pending appeal — s24(1) Supreme Court of Appeal Act — discretionary power; exceptional circumstances required — appellate court should not decide merits at bail stage — defilement conviction; sufficiency and consistency of trial evidence.
19 October 2023
August 2023
Interlocutory vacatur of injunction is inchoate and not appealable; stay pending appeal refused where debtor owes secured debt.
  • Civil procedure — Stay of execution pending appeal — Interlocutory orders and inchoate decisions — Appealability — Proper procedure (Order 1 R.18 and Order 2 R.1 Supreme Court Rules) — Balance of convenience and risk of injustice — Security for debt and repossession of pledged vehicles — Nugatory appeal doctrine.
7 August 2023
July 2023
An applicant's request to release tax‑seized stock pending litigation was dismissed for procedural defects and unstated legal basis.
  • Tax law — seizure of goods — interim injunction to release impounded stock pending litigation; Civil procedure — competency of proceedings in appellate courts — requirement to state legal basis for relief; Procedural irregularity — standalone application in appellate court.
26 July 2023
Whether an interim injunction should release impounded stock pending tax proceedings to prevent irreparable business harm.
  • Interim relief — Injunction pending tax proceedings — Release of goods impounded by revenue authority — Irreparable harm and adequacy of damages — Balance of convenience and public interest.
26 July 2023
Appeal dismissed: 20 April 2016 letter was a binding contract, debt discharged by MK16,304,708.82, respondent entitled to interest.
  • Contract — variation of existing loan agreement by letter — formation, offer, acceptance and consideration — discharge of debt by payment of shortfall; Civil procedure — compliance with Order III grounds of appeal; Interest on judgment — pleadings, statutory rate and assessment by Registrar.
18 July 2023
Stay of execution refused where applicants failed to show respondent’s inability to repay or irreparable harm.
  • Stay of execution pending appeal — tests: serious issue to be tried, irreparable harm, balance of convenience/justice — impecuniosity evidence required — criminal prosecution allegations speculative and irrelevant to civil stay.
18 July 2023
Court continued ex parte stay pending appeal, granted leave to appeal, and ordered procedural steps and exclusion of later punitive orders.
  • Civil procedure — stay of execution pending appeal — jurisdiction under Order 1 Rule 18 — inherent jurisdiction — test for stay: justice, expediency, risk of appeal being rendered nugatory, balance of convenience — leave to appeal granted — exclusion of later punitive orders from record of appeal.
14 July 2023
Court sustained stay pending appeal, granted leave to appeal, and ordered timelines while excluding un-heard punitive orders from the record.
  • Civil procedure — Stay of execution pending appeal — Discretionary equitable remedy — Tests: serious issue, irreparable harm, balance of convenience/justice — Jurisdiction under Order 1 Rule 18 and inherent jurisdiction — Leave to appeal and exclusion of unhearing punitive orders from record.
14 July 2023
Court continued stay pending appeal, granted leave to appeal, and excluded un-heard post-judgment punitive orders from the record.
  • Civil procedure — Stay of execution pending appeal — Jurisdiction of appellate single judge to entertain stay before lower court final determination — Test for stay: serious issue, irreparable harm, balance of convenience/justice — Leave to appeal — Exclusion of post-judgment punitive orders from record where parties were not heard.
14 July 2023
Supreme Court dismissed stay, leave to appeal and extension applications for procedural non-compliance and premature filing.
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10 July 2023
Supreme Court dismissed stay and out‑of‑time leave applications for failure to comply with High Court‑first procedural requirements.
  • Civil procedure — interlocutory orders — stay of execution pending appeal — requirement to first seek relief in High Court (Order I r.18) — incompetence of affidavit evidence — leave to appeal out of time and extension of notice period — procedural non‑compliance fatal.
10 July 2023
The SCA refused ex parte relief, holding the High Court's order for an inter partes hearing was proper case management.
  • Immigration — Deportation v valid residence permit; Judicial review — leave to move and interim injunctions; Civil procedure — ex parte v inter partes hearings; Case management — wide discretion under CPR; Appellate review — interference only if legal error or clearly wrong.
4 July 2023
Applicant must first have High Court determine judicial review and injunction; appellate interference with case-management orders is unwarranted.
  • Immigration and deportation — Judicial review — Leave to apply and interim injunctions — Ex parte relief exceptional — Case-management discretion under CPR — Appellate restraint on interfering with lower court's exercise of discretion.
4 July 2023
June 2023
9 June 2023
A stay pending appeal was refused because applicants delayed prosecution despite raising serious appellate issues.
  • Criminal procedure — Stay of proceedings pending appeal — Discretion to grant stay — Delay in prosecuting appeal — Judge's refusal to hear matter de novo after transfer — Jurisdictional challenge.
9 June 2023
The SCA lacks jurisdiction to hear a direct appeal from an Assistant Registrar’s interlocutory order; such appeals lie first to a High Court Judge.
  • Civil Procedure — Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Appeal — Appeals from Registrar/Assistant Registrar decisions — Interlocutory orders — Order 25 CPR — Section 21 Supreme Court of Appeal Act — Appeal to Judge in chambers before SCA — Assessment of costs/insurance policy limits (merits not decided).
8 June 2023
Permission for judicial review of arrest/prosecution granted; interim suspension denied; confiscated passport ordered returned.
  • Judicial review — reviewability of decisions to arrest and prosecute — permission to apply for review; interim relief; abuse of prosecutorial discretion; procedural error in lower court.
8 June 2023
May 2023
Appeal dismissed for failure to comply with Order III rules and for filing judicial review two years after the prescribed period without extension.
  • Civil procedure — Appeal grounds must comply with Order III rules 2–4 (state law or fact and particulars); Judicial review applications must be brought promptly and within three months under Order 53(4)(1) unless time is validly extended; Non-compliance and lack of extension renders review/application time-barred and appeal liable to dismissal.
4 May 2023
March 2023
Court vacated stay pending appeal, finding appellant failed to show appeal would be rendered nugatory and balance of justice favoured respondents.
  • Civil procedure — stay pending appeal — discretionary power of appellate court — tests: serious issue, irreparable harm, balance of convenience; jurisdiction of High Court vs. statutory tribunal; alleged illegality, irregularity and excess of jurisdiction; costs.
28 March 2023
Applicants granted seven‑day enlargement to appeal after registry failures and missing leave order justified extension.
  • Civil procedure — Extension of time to appeal — Order III r 4 Supreme Court of Appeal Rules — Good and substantial reasons — Registry negligence and missing filed documents — Competency vs. final dismissal (functus officio) — Use of eCMS as evidence of mismanagement.
8 March 2023
Registry failings causing lost filings can justify an enlargement of time to appeal where no final adjudication on the merits occurred.
  • Civil procedure — enlargement of time to appeal — section 23(2) Supreme Court of Appeal Act and Order III r 4 — good and substantial reasons — registry negligence and lost filings — functus officio and abuse of process distinguished — reliance on eCMS records.
8 March 2023
Court granted seven‑day extension and leave to appeal after accepting registry negligence and prima facie arguable grounds.
  • Civil procedure — enlargement of time to appeal — Order III r 4 and s.23(2) Supreme Court of Appeal Act — good and substantial reasons — registry negligence and lost filings — eCMS evidence — functus officio and abuse of process — distinction between dismissal for want of competence and final decision.
8 March 2023
February 2023
Table 6 collection charges are solicitor–client charges payable by the client, not recoverable from the debtor once proceedings commence.
  • Legal practitioners' fees — Table 6 collection charges — solicitor-and-own-client charges on receipt of monies; not recoverable from judgment debtor after commencement of proceedings; pleading of costs; effect of Government Notices and Law Revision Orders.
14 February 2023
A settlement agreement constituting a final order bars interlocutory appeals; amendment motion was incompetent and appeal dismissed.
  • Commercial procedure — settlement agreement — final order — interlocutory application — O.18 High Court (Commercial Division) Rules — s.21 Supreme Court of Appeal Act — res judicata — leave to amend pleadings — leave to appeal.
14 February 2023
Eyewitness and medical evidence established malice aforethought; convictions and 15‑year sentences were upheld.
  • Criminal law — Murder — Malice aforethought (s.212 Penal Code) — Eyewitness reliability — Direct evidence — Post‑mortem medical evidence — Mob assault — Sentence review — Manifest excessiveness.
14 February 2023
Eyewitness and medical evidence proved murder with malice aforethought; convictions and 15-year sentences affirmed.
  • Criminal law — Murder — Eyewitness credibility — Corroborating post-mortem evidence — Malice aforethought under Section 212 (knowledge or intention/probable consequence) — Joint participation in a prolonged assault — Sentence affirmed.
14 February 2023