High Court of Malawi - 2025

29 judgments

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29 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 2025
Defective affidavits and insufficient evidence meant petitioner failed to prove electoral irregularities; election confirmed.
Election law – electoral petition – admissibility and credibility of affidavits (name, signature and jurat date discrepancies) – failure to cross-examine deponent – burden and standard of proof in election petitions – MEC’s investigatory duties, jurisdiction and remedial powers – allegations of handouts, intimidation, purchase of voter slips, and ballot handling.
3 December 2025
November 2025
Claimant proved agreement for Malawi Kwacha equivalent compensation referenced to US$25,000; quoting foreign currency as reference not illegal.
Contract — agreement to pay Malawi Kwacha equivalent of foreign currency — reference currency permissible; Civil procedure — burden and standard of proof on balance of probabilities; Evidence — adverse inference from failure to call material witnesses; Exchange control — quoting or indexing to foreign currency does not per se constitute illegality.
26 November 2025
Whether the applicant is entitled to continue an interlocutory injunction despite a one-day late filing and alleged non-disclosure and stamping issues.
Interlocutory injunctions – Order 10 Rule 27 (CPR 2017) – American Cyanamid principles – serious question to be tried; adequacy of damages; preservation of status quo – CPR Order 2 cure of irregularity – duty of full and frank disclosure for ex parte relief – equity and unclean hands – effect of unstamped agreements where party treats contract as operative.
21 November 2025
The applicant’s application to set aside a default judgment succeeded due to non-service and an arguable defence.
Civil procedure — Setting aside default judgment — Non-service of originating process — Delay in bringing application — Prospects of defence — Prejudice — Vacatur of interlocutory injunction.
20 November 2025
Section 100 petition confined to Commission‑decided complaints; one unsigned result sheet found but did not affect election, petition dismissed.
Election law – Section 100 appeal limited to matters decided by the Commission; scope of election petitions; irregularity defined as non‑compliance with the Act; presiding officer’s signature mandatory on result sheets; criminal electoral offences (handouts, unlawful campaigning) are for criminal process and require conviction before affecting election outcome; burden of proof on petitioner on balance of probabilities.
11 November 2025
October 2025
Appeal allowed: finding of constructive dismissal reversed; compensation assessment principles clarified and arbitrary 30% boost disallowed.
Employment law – constructive dismissal – demotion and transfers; conditional loan as possible victimisation; timing and delay in claiming constructive dismissal; compensation assessment under Employment Act s.63(4) and minima in s.63(5); mitigation of loss; courts may not 'boost' awards for inflation—use prevailing wage instead.
2 October 2025
September 2025
Application dismissed for being commenced in the wrong procedural form; election challenges require petition or Form 86A originations.
Election procedure — Mode of commencement — Petition under PPLGEA or judicial review by originating motion (Form 86A); CPR cannot add modes; procedural irregularity fatal.
10 September 2025
Failure of the Returning Officer to notify a nomination defect rendered the exclusion unlawful despite incorrect fee paid at presentation.
Election law — nomination fees — age qualification for youth candidates determined at time of presentation — Returning Officer’s duty to notify defects before close of nominations (s.39(2)–(3)) — failure to notify defeats internal remedies (s.99) — judicial review permissible where no communicated decision.
9 September 2025
August 2025
Court abridged time and set an expedited timetable to hear a review of a candidate's exclusion under Section 42(2) before the election.
Electoral law – judicial review of electoral commission decision – exclusion of candidate – urgency – abridgement of time under civil procedure rules – operation of Section 42(2) of the Elections Act.
29 August 2025
Claimant lacked a cognisable right and sufficient interest to seek judicial review of the appointment; application dismissed and costs awarded.
Judicial review — permission stage — Order 19 rule 20 requirements — must show a right, interest or legitimate expectation affected and sufficient locus standi; speculative future grievances non-justiciable; interlocutory injunction falls away where permission denied; costs follow the event.
20 August 2025
18 August 2025
18 August 2025
11 August 2025
July 2025
Bail pending appeal denied: no exceptional circumstances, appeal unlikely to succeed, substantial sentence remains unserved.
Criminal procedure — Bail pending appeal (s.359) — Discretionary relief only in exceptional, special or unusual circumstances — Factors include likelihood of success and risk of serving substantive sentence — Likelihood alone rarely sufficient.
28 July 2025
Criminal defamation provision struck down as an unconstitutional, disproportionate limit on freedom of expression.
Constitutional law — Freedom of expression — Criminal defamation — Section 200 Penal Code — Overbreadth, vagueness and chilling effect — Section 44 limitation test — Civil remedies as less restrictive means — Attorney General’s neutral role in constitutional referrals.
17 July 2025
Whether criminal defamation (section 200) unjustifiably limits freedom of expression and must be struck down.
Criminal defamation – Freedom of expression (section 35) – Limitation test (section 44(1),(2)) – Proportionality and necessity – Civil remedies as less restrictive means – Chilling effect – Decriminalisation consistent with regional and international jurisprudence – Attorney General’s impartial role in constitutional referrals.
17 July 2025
April 2025
Judicial review of the DPP’s prosecutorial decisions is exceptional; applicants must first exhaust parliamentary and criminal remedies.
Prosecutorial discretion – Judicial review leave – Selective prosecution alleged – Requirement to exhaust parliamentary oversight (Legal Affairs Committee) – Exceptional circumstances threshold (dishonesty/mala fides) – Prematurity and abuse of civil process to challenge criminal proceedings.
28 April 2025
Accrued annual leave cannot be forfeited; employer must pay untaken earned leave on termination.
Employment law – Annual leave – Employer’s duty to grant leave; employee’s duty to take leave – No statutory forfeiture of accrued earned leave – Contractual clauses purporting to forfeit accrued leave void – Entitlement to payment for accrued untaken leave on termination (sections 44 and 45, Employment Act).
25 April 2025
The employer's appeal against compensation for the respondent's constructive dismissal was dismissed; s63 discretion upheld.
Employment law – Unfair/constructive dismissal – Assessment of compensation – Sections 63(4) and 63(5) Employment Act – Immediate loss and future loss – Pleading standards in Industrial Relations Court – Statutory severance allowance (s35).
4 April 2025
March 2025
Court awards K70,000,000 to the applicant for negligent medical treatment causing genital mutilation, including exemplary damages.
:[
16 March 2025
Whether a public officer failed to declare a close associate’s interest and whether foreign intelligence evidence was admissible.
Criminal law – s25D(2)(a) Corrupt Practices Act – failure to declare interest – scope of ‘interest’ and ‘close associate’ – interplay with PPDA Act; admissibility of foreign intelligence/evidence obtained under an MOU; case‑to‑answer test under s313 CP&EC.
4 March 2025
February 2025
Ex parte freezing injunction vacated after applicant suppressed material related‑party and forensic‑audit facts.
Civil procedure – freezing injunctions – Order 10 r.11, r.12(2)(b) CPR – requirements: good and arguable case, assets likely to form part of judgment, risk of dissipation – equitable relief requires full and frank disclosure – clean hands doctrine – proportionality of freezing orders – relevance of forensic audit and related-party conflicts.
7 February 2025
Court orders pending appeal to determine custody and proposed relocation, stays parallel proceedings, prioritizing the child’s best interests.
Family law – Child custody and access – Proposed relocation of child abroad (Portugal) – Jurisdiction to dissolve marriage – Best interests of the child (Constitution s.23) – Stay of parallel proceedings – Recusal: reasonable apprehension of bias test – Review vs appeal.
3 February 2025
Failure to serve the mandatory pre‑suit notice and the time‑barred nature of the dispute rendered the applicants’ claim and motion a nullity.
Civil procedure – pre‑suit notice mandatory under Civil Procedure (Suits By and Against Government) Act s4 – non‑compliance renders action a nullity; administrative law – challenges to Ministerial implementation of statutory pension scheme are matters for judicial review; limitation – three‑month rule for judicial review; declaratory relief cannot circumvent pre‑suit notice requirement.
3 February 2025
Exit agreement signed under economic duress: dismissal unfair; applicant entitled to compensation and remedy hearing.
Employment law – Unfair dismissal – Mutual release/exit agreement vitiated by economic duress; procedural fairness in disciplinary process; employer’s burden to prove valid reason for dismissal; compensation remedy.
3 February 2025
Dismissals for operational requirements without consultation were unfair; applicants entitled to compensation.
Employment law – unfair dismissal – operational requirements/retrenchment – statutory consultation requirement – justice and equity (s.61 Employment Act) – funding contingency clause – contractual notice period – compensation assessment.
3 February 2025
January 2025
Ex parte permission for judicial review discharged for abuse of process and suppression of prior related proceedings.
Administrative law — Judicial review — Ex parte permission — Duty of frank and full disclosure — Suppression of prior related proceedings — Abuse of court process via multiplicity of actions — Discharge of permission and interlocutory injunction — Discretionary extension of time (functus officio).
31 January 2025
High Court reviewed and set aside subordinate custody order, awarding primary custody to the breastfeeding mother and ordering medical and social assessments.
Family law – Custody – Best interests of the child – Infant breastfeeding as paramount consideration – High Court supervisory review under Section 26 Courts Act – Quashing subordinate court custody order – Orders for medical and social welfare assessments.
22 January 2025
Registrar rejects application for review due to improper signature, procedural non-compliance, and wrong forum for admissions.
Civil procedure — rejection of documents; signature by named legal practitioner required; notice of change of legal practitioner (Order 33); sworn statement formalities (Order 18); jurisdiction for admissions — Chief Justice; abuse of court process; Rules Orders 5, 18, 25.
22 January 2025