High Court of Malawi - 1990

37 judgments

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37 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
December 1990
Employer validly effected early retirements under pension rules; plaintiffs' negligence and deprivation claims dismissed.
Employment law — Pension scheme construction — Early retirement (5 years/age 45) subject to employer's consent — Validity of signed retirement documents — Credibility findings — No negligence; claim dismissed.
31 December 1990
27 December 1990
The applicant's obstructed vision caused the collision; no proof of the respondent's negligence, claim dismissed with costs.
Road traffic — Duty of care of drivers and pedestrians — Burden of proof in negligence claims — Pedestrian obstructed vision running into vehicle — Insufficient evidence of driver negligence; claim dismissed.
24 December 1990
Reporting a theft and fetching police does not alone make the respondent liable for the applicant's false imprisonment.
False imprisonment – employer’s reporting of theft to police – whether reporting and providing transport to police amounts to laying a charge or procuring arrest – evidentiary burden to prove employer caused arrest.
24 December 1990
November 1990
23 November 1990
Employer justified in summary dismissal for misconduct; no liability for false imprisonment or defamation.
Employment law – summary dismissal for misconduct – duty to reconcile cash sale receipts; Civil standard of proof – balance of probabilities; False imprisonment – liability where employer orders arrest versus merely reporting facts to police; Defamation – requirement to prove publication and factual basis.
6 November 1990
October 1990
31 October 1990
False imprisonment claim dismissed: defendants conveyed suspicions; police acted on their own judgment; accountant acted in course of employment.
False imprisonment – restraint by employer – distinction between directing or procuring an arrest and merely conveying suspicion to police – employer/employee acts in course of employment – assessment of credibility and contemporaneous police correspondence.
26 October 1990
Acknowledgment of service constitutes appearance and, if lodged within twelve months, makes writ renewal unnecessary; renewal application dismissed.
Civil procedure – Writ renewal – Acknowledgment of service – Order 12 Rules 3(1), 3(2), 4, 6(2), and 10 – Effect of acknowledgment as appearance – Belated acknowledgment permitted – Renewal unnecessary if writ served within 12 months – Procedure under Order 3, Rule 6.
18 October 1990
Civil false-imprisonment claim stayed pending related criminal trial to avoid inconsistent findings.
Civil procedure – Stay of proceedings – Concurrent criminal proceedings – False imprisonment – Risk of inconsistent findings – Balance of justice.
15 October 1990
Whether the respondent could assume control of the applicant company; injunction continued, undertaking as to damages ordered.
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15 October 1990
Persistent drunkenness and violence by the respondent amounted to legal cruelty, warranting a decree nisi and custody to the petitioner.
Family law — Divorce — Cruelty — Persistent drunkenness and violent conduct constituting legal cruelty; decree nisi granted; custody to petitioner; costs awarded.
3 October 1990
Statutory power to appoint guardians under s.11(a)(i) must be exercised by the High Court in open court, not by a Registrar.
Guardianship jurisdiction – s.11(a)(i) Courts Act – "High Court" means court in banc – Registrar/Master lacks statutory jurisdiction absent Rule of Court – Judge in chambers cannot exercise statutory open-court power – Order 32 (rules 11, 12) and Order 2 cannot circumvent statute.
3 October 1990
September 1990
27 September 1990
July 1990
A writ is issued when sealed by a court officer; later receipt or signature dates are administrative and irrelevant to limitation.
Limitation law — date of issue of writ — sealing by court officer constitutes issue — subsequent receipt issuance and Registrar's signature are administrative formalities; authority: United Transport v Munthali.
20 July 1990
18 July 1990
Applicant entitled to maintenance but limited to K150/month to avoid reducing respondent below subsistence, applicant’s earnings partly considered.
Family law – post-dissolution maintenance – consideration of applicant’s earnings obtained after marital breakdown – prohibition on depressing respondent below subsistence – balancing need and respondent’s unavoidable expenses.
18 July 1990
The appellant cannot be ordered to maintain an illegitimate child absent proof of paternity.
Affiliation/maintenance — burden of proof of paternity; absence from hearing — service and Order 19(3)(2) Subordinate Court Rules; illegitimate child maintenance requires proof of paternity.
12 July 1990
Employer validly terminated under an express notice clause but unlawfully deducted alleged loss from employee's bonus.
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10 July 1990
June 1990
The applicant was granted a decree nisi for divorce on grounds of cruelty; respondent ordered to pay costs.
Family law – Divorce – Cruelty as ground for dissolution – Repeated physical assaults and threats amounting to legal cruelty; Undefended petitions – court must guard against collusion but may accept uncontradicted evidence; Jurisdiction – domicile; Costs – respondent ordered to pay; Custody – adjourned to Chambers.
29 June 1990
Court refused to continue an interlocutory injunction against sale of charged land, finding damages an adequate remedy and balance of convenience favoured defendant.
Interlocutory injunction — American Cyanamid principles — balance of convenience — adequacy of damages — Registered Land Act (s68, s71) — Local Land Boards Act consent for charges — default and sale of charged registered land.
29 June 1990
28 June 1990
Summary dismissal upheld on civil evidence; false imprisonment succeeded against employer's agents, award K7,500.
Employment law – summary dismissal for breach of trust; Civil standard (balance of probabilities) vs criminal standard; False imprisonment – liability of private persons who instigate arrest; Private arrest requires that a felony in fact occurred; Malicious prosecution – requires prosecution instigated without reasonable grounds; Contractual pension claims require proof of scheme terms.
27 June 1990
Court found agreed price K12.50 per bag and dismissed plaintiff's claims for unpaid cash portion and consequential losses.
Contract for sale of goods – disputed price – contemporaneous handwritten memorandum and invoices determine agreed rate; failure to produce debit note/payment-split document undermines later claim; consequential loss too remote – foreseeability (Hadley v Baxendale; Koufos).
15 June 1990
15 June 1990
1 June 1990
May 1990
Company wound up under s213 after failing to satisfy undisputed judgment debts and not opposing the petition.
Companies Act s213 – Winding-up petition – Inability to pay debts established by judgment debt – Execution returned unexecuted – Supporting creditor – Court’s discretion to wind up – Costs taxed and paid from company assets.
21 May 1990
18 May 1990
18 May 1990
Mortgagee validly exercised power of sale; sale extinguished redemption right, respondent must render account and pay any surplus with interest.
Mortgage law – equity of redemption extinguished by valid exercise of power of sale; Conveyancing Acts applicable; statutory pre‑sale notice under Land Act creates penalty but does not void sale; auction irregularities give remedy in damages only; mortgagee a trustee of surplus proceeds – duty to render account and stop interest running after sale.
11 May 1990
April 1990
Claims for inducing breach, trespass and conversion dismissed where plaintiff lacked possession and defendant acted on owner's instruction.
Tort — inducement/procurement of breach — knowledge and causal link required; Trespass — action concerns possession not title; Conversion — requires intention to appropriate or assert dominion; removal on owner's instruction may be abatement of nuisance.
30 April 1990
Loan fell within Loans Recovery Act; court reduced oppressive interest to 19% per annum on the K200 principal.
Loans Recovery Act – applicability to private money‑lending transactions – excessive/unconscionable interest – reopening transactions and taking account – credibility of parties – remedial reduction to bank rate (19% p.a.).
6 April 1990
Whether reporting suspected theft to police makes the respondent liable for the applicants' false imprisonment.
False imprisonment; employer liability; distinction between informing police and making a charge; credibility findings; police acting on own judgment.
6 April 1990
March 1990
Whether withholding payment for allegedly missing tools was lawful and whether related libel/slander claims were properly pleaded and proved.
Contract/payment — wrongful withholding of payment alleged as set-off for missing tools; Defamation — slander and libel; pleading requirement to identify persons published to; qualified privilege for business communications; Counterclaim for conversion/replacement of tools; Costs — costs follow event but court may deprive successful party for misconduct.
16 March 1990
A single act of gross violence combined with non‑maintenance constituted legal cruelty warranting a decree nisi.
Family law – Divorce – Cruelty – Legal cruelty defined as conduct endangering life, limb or health – Single act of gross physical violence may justify divorce – Failure to maintain as cruelty – Decree nisi granted.
8 March 1990
Whether the respondent lawfully disconnected the applicant's water and is liable for negligence and trespass.
Water services — statutory power to disconnect (Blantyre Water Works Act s18) — wrongful disconnection — negligence in billing/investigation — trespass on premises — strict proof required for special damages (lost rent).
8 March 1990
February 1990
A hirer of a crane (including supplied slings and operator) is liable where unfit slings and negligent operation cause damage.
Contract of hire – hiring of crane, operator and slings – duty to supply equipment fit for specified task – vicarious liability for operator’s negligence – failure of lifting slings – negligent continuation despite mechanical defects.
15 February 1990